Mental Health

Stakeholder perspectives informing the design and development of a digital self-help intervention for healthy aging and mental well-being among older adults in urban India: a qualitative study.

TL;DR

Stakeholder perspectives from older adults, caregivers, and experts suggest that digital interventions tailored to the sociocultural needs of older adults, addressing physical health, sleep, emotional well-being, social connectedness, and self-care practices, may play an important role in promoting healthy aging and supporting mental well-being in India.

Key Findings

Regular sleep routines, balanced diet, and physical activity were most commonly identified as beneficial for healthy aging among older adults in urban India.

  • These factors were consistently cited across older adults, caregivers, and expert stakeholder groups
  • Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and free-listing exercises
  • Study was conducted at two sites in India from January through September 2024
  • Participants included community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years, their caregivers, and experts from diverse medical and allied health disciplines

Stress management, avoiding negative thoughts, and practicing meditation were cited as essential components for optimum mental health among older adults.

  • These mental health strategies emerged as recurring themes across stakeholder groups during thematic analysis
  • Transcripts were systematically coded and codes were grouped into themes across predefined analytical domains
  • The study followed the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) guideline
  • All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before analysis

Stakeholders expected digital interventions to include health management tips, exercise tutorials, dietary guidelines, mental healthcare advice, and sleep hygiene tips.

  • These content areas were identified as preferred features for a self-help digital intervention targeting older adults aged ≥60 years
  • The findings informed content development for a digital intervention specifically designed for healthy aging and prevention of common mental health problems
  • Common mental health problems of concern included depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive concerns
  • Stakeholder-informed modules were identified as potentially enhancing engagement, accessibility, and preventive mental healthcare

Stakeholder-informed digital modules addressing physical health, sleep, emotional well-being, social connectedness, and self-care practices were identified as key domains for a culturally tailored digital intervention.

  • Social connectedness emerged as a distinct domain alongside physical and mental health topics
  • Tailoring to sociocultural needs of older adults in India was emphasized as important for intervention relevance and uptake
  • The qualitative study design was used specifically to gather perspectives to develop content for the digital self-help intervention
  • Participants spanned community-dwelling older adults, informal caregivers, and formal experts from medical and allied health disciplines

India's rapidly increasing older adult population faces a growing burden of common mental health problems, highlighting the need for digital preventive mental healthcare approaches.

  • The study identifies depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive concerns as the primary mental health concerns in this population
  • Promoting healthy aging and preventive mental healthcare is described as 'an important public health priority' in India
  • Digital health interventions are characterized as 'promising approaches for improving access to preventive and supportive care among older adults'
  • The study targets adults aged ≥60 years living in urban India

Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and long-term sustainability of digital self-help interventions for older adults in larger and more diverse populations.

  • The current study was limited to two urban sites in India and a qualitative design
  • The study was conducted over a nine-month period from January through September 2024
  • Limitations in generalizability were acknowledged given the site-specific and qualitative nature of the research
  • The authors call for evaluation studies in 'larger and more diverse populations'

What This Means

This research gathered input from older adults (aged 60 and above), their caregivers, and health experts across two urban sites in India to understand what a helpful digital mental health app for older adults should look like. Using interviews, focus groups, and other qualitative methods conducted between January and September 2024, the researchers identified what people believed promotes healthy aging and good mental health, and what features they would want in a digital self-help tool. Key lifestyle factors mentioned included regular sleep, a balanced diet, physical activity, stress management, avoiding negative thinking, and meditation. For a digital app, participants wanted exercise tutorials, dietary guidance, sleep hygiene tips, and mental health advice. The study found that any digital tool designed for older adults in India would need to be tailored to local cultural and social contexts to be useful and engaging. Participants highlighted not just physical and mental health, but also the importance of social connectedness and self-care practices as areas that such an app should address. Experts from medicine and allied health fields reinforced these perspectives, suggesting that a well-rounded digital intervention could help address the growing burden of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and cognitive concerns in India's rapidly aging population. This research suggests that designing digital health interventions with direct input from older adults, caregivers, and experts leads to content that is more likely to be relevant, accessible, and acceptable to the target population. However, the authors note that this was a qualitative study at only two urban sites, so future research should test whether such interventions actually work and are sustainable across larger and more diverse groups of older adults in India.

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Citation

Saha I, Das D, Dutta S, Hoda S, Khasnobis M, Sharma S, et al.. (2026). Stakeholder perspectives informing the design and development of a digital self-help intervention for healthy aging and mental well-being among older adults in urban India: a qualitative study.. BMC geriatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08107-0