Study on the Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides for Ameliorating Dyslipidemia via Regulating Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites.

GLP has a molecular weight of 12.53 kDa, consists of pyranose rings linked by α-type and β-type glycosidic bonds, and displays an irregular flaky surface morphology with flecks and holes.

• Molecular weight determined to be 12.53 kDa via structural characterization
• GLP contains both α-type and β-type glycosidic bond linkages
• Overall morphology appeared as an irregular flaky structure with flecks and holes on the surface
• Structural characterization methods included analysis of ring form (pyranose) and glycosidic bond types

GLP intervention changed the composition and structure of gut microbiota, with 10 key biomarker strains identified by LEfSe analysis.

• LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size) analysis was used to screen 10 key biomarker strains
• These biomarker strains showed markedly increased abundance in energy metabolism pathways
• Cell growth and death pathways were also found to be increased among the biomarker strains via PICRUSt2 functional prediction
• GLP altered both the composition and structure of gut microbiota

GLP intervention significantly altered fecal metabolites, with enrichment observed in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways.

• Fecal metabolite profiles were significantly changed following GLP intervention
• Enriched pathways included amino acid metabolism
• Lipid metabolism pathways were also enriched among altered fecal metabolites
• Metabolomics analysis of fecal samples was used to characterize metabolite changes

Prior research by the same group demonstrated that GLP exhibited lipid-lowering abilities through multiple signaling pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, bile acid production, and cholesterol transport.

• GLP enhanced response to oxidative stress and inflammation via Nrf2-Keap1 and NF-κB pathways
• GLP adjusted bile acid production through CYP7A1-CYP27A1 and FXR-FGF15 pathways
• Lipid regulation was facilitated via LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway
• Reverse cholesterol transport was facilitated through LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathway

The protective effects of GLP against dyslipidemia were closely associated with modification of gut microbiota and regulation of metabolite profiles.

• Study focused on structural characterization, gut microbiota analysis, and fecal metabolomics as the investigative approach
• GLP is described as a promising high-value functional and medicinal food with multiple biological activities
• Ganoderma lucidum is recognized as a popular edible and medicinal mushroom in China and various eastern nations
• The study investigated hyperlipidemia as a metabolic disorder associated with unhealthy living habits