Temporal Variations and Sociodemographic Differences in no Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Among Adolescents: A 10-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Approximately 28.5% of US adolescents reported no muscle-strengthening exercise (no-MSE) during the study period.

• Data came from 78,697 US adolescents aged 14-17 years from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) cycles 2011-2021.
• Girls comprised a weighted percentage of 49.4% of the sample.
• No-MSE was operationalized as 0 days of MSE per week based on self-report.
• Survey-weighted binary logistic regression models were used to examine associations.

Girls were significantly more likely to report no-MSE compared to boys.

• OR = 2.12 (95% CI: 2.02–2.23) for girls versus boys.
• This was the strongest sociodemographic predictor of no-MSE identified in the study.
• The association was assessed using survey-weighted binary logistic regression.

Older adolescents aged 16 or 17 years were more likely to report no-MSE compared to younger adolescents.

• ORs ranged from 1.31 to 1.51 for adolescents aged 16 or 17 years (p < 0.001).
• The comparison group was younger adolescents within the 14-17 year age range.
• The trend was statistically significant across age subgroups.

Black or African American adolescents were more likely to report no-MSE compared to their racial/ethnic counterparts.

• OR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05–1.24) for Black or African American adolescents.
• This finding indicates a racial/ethnic disparity in muscle-strengthening exercise participation.
• The association was identified using survey-weighted binary logistic regression.

Adolescents with underweight, overweight, or obesity were more likely to report no-MSE compared to those with normal weight.

• ORs ranged from 1.18 to 1.75 across underweight, overweight, and obese categories (p < 0.001).
• Obesity was associated with the highest odds of no-MSE (OR up to 1.75) among weight status categories.
• Weight status was based on self-reported data and operationalized as BMI categories.

The prevalence of no-MSE increased significantly from 2011 to 2021 across all sociodemographic subgroups.

• The p-value for trend was < 0.001, indicating a statistically significant increase over the 10-year period.
• The rising trend was observed across all sociodemographic subgroups examined.
• The study used repeated cross-sectional data from six YRBSS cycles spanning 2011 to 2021.