Mental Health

The Association Between Food Insecurity, Diet Satisfaction, Mental Health and Physical Health Among Australian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

TL;DR

Food insecurity among Australian adults is associated with lower diet satisfaction and poorer mental and physical health, reflecting constrained agency in food choice, with a stepwise pattern of associations strongest for diet dissatisfaction, followed by mental health, then physical health.

Key Findings

Food insecurity was prevalent in nearly one-third of the Tasmanian adult survey sample.

  • Sample size was n=869 participants, 73.4% female, 64.3% with university education
  • 29.2% of participants experienced food insecurity (score ≥1 on the 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module)
  • Survey was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024 in Tasmania, Australia
  • Food insecurity was assessed using the 18-item US Household Food Security Survey Module, with participants classified as food secure (score=0) or food insecure (score=1+)

Food insecurity was most strongly associated with diet dissatisfaction in multivariate analysis.

  • 19.7% of participants reported diet dissatisfaction overall
  • Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for diet dissatisfaction among food insecure participants was 4.4 (SE: 1.5; 95% CI: 2.9–6.5)
  • This was the strongest association observed among the three health outcomes examined
  • Diet satisfaction was assessed using a five-point Likert scale collapsed to a binary variable (satisfied or dissatisfied)

Food insecurity was significantly associated with fair-poor mental health.

  • 29.6% of participants reported fair-poor mental health overall
  • AOR for fair-poor mental health among food insecure participants was 2.6 (SE: 0.2; 95% CI: 1.8–3.9)
  • Mental health was assessed using a five-point Likert scale collapsed to binary (excellent-good vs. fair-poor)
  • This association was the second strongest in the stepwise pattern observed

Food insecurity was significantly associated with fair-poor physical health, though this association was weaker than for mental health and diet satisfaction.

  • 26.4% of participants reported fair-poor physical health overall
  • AOR for fair-poor physical health among food insecure participants was 1.6 (SE: 0.2; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5)
  • This was the weakest of the three associations observed in the stepwise pattern
  • Physical health was assessed using a five-point Likert scale collapsed to binary (excellent-good vs. fair-poor)

A stepwise pattern of association was observed between food insecurity and the three health outcomes examined.

  • The stepwise pattern showed food insecurity most strongly associated with diet dissatisfaction (AOR: 4.4), followed by fair-poor mental health (AOR: 2.6), and fair-poor physical health (AOR: 1.6)
  • All associations were assessed using multivariate binary logistic regression adjusting for relevant sociodemographic factors
  • The authors interpret the pattern as reflecting 'constrained agency in food choice'
  • The study design was cross-sectional, limiting causal inference

What This Means

This research surveyed 869 adults living in Tasmania, Australia, between December 2023 and January 2024, to understand how food insecurity — not having reliable access to enough affordable, nutritious food — relates to people's satisfaction with their diet, their mental health, and their physical health. Nearly 30% of participants were food insecure, and similarly high proportions reported poor mental health (29.6%), poor physical health (26.4%), and dissatisfaction with their diet (19.7%). After accounting for differences in age, gender, education, and other sociodemographic factors, people experiencing food insecurity were significantly more likely to report problems across all three areas. The study found a clear 'stepwise' pattern: food insecurity was most strongly linked to diet dissatisfaction (people who were food insecure were 4.4 times more likely to be dissatisfied with their diet), followed by poor mental health (2.6 times more likely), and then poor physical health (1.6 times more likely). The authors suggest this pattern reflects how food insecurity limits people's ability to make meaningful choices about what they eat, which in turn ripples out into broader health consequences. This research suggests that food insecurity is not just a nutrition issue but also a mental and physical health issue for Australian adults. The findings point to a need for interventions that go beyond individual dietary advice, addressing the structural factors that make healthy food inaccessible or unaffordable for many people. The authors highlight that dietitians and health professionals have a role not only in supporting individuals but also in advocating for fairer food systems at a broader societal level.

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Citation

Patterson L, Seivwright A, Visentin D, Lester E, Murray S, Kent K. (2026). The Association Between Food Insecurity, Diet Satisfaction, Mental Health and Physical Health Among Australian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey.. Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.70278