The bidirectional modulation of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and brain electrical activity in adolescents with smartphone addiction: an experimental study using EEG power spectrum analysis.

Acute aerobic exercise significantly improved accuracy and reaction time on the Stroop task in adolescents with smartphone addiction.

• Accuracy improvement: p < 0.001, d = -2.67
• Reaction time improvement: p < 0.001, d = 3.17
• The Stroop task was used to assess attention and cognitive inhibition control
• 40 male adolescents with smartphone addiction were randomly assigned to experimental (acute aerobic exercise) or control (neutral reading) groups

Acute aerobic exercise significantly improved accuracy and reaction time on the 2-back working memory task in adolescents with smartphone addiction.

• Accuracy improvement: p < 0.001, d = -3.26
• Reaction time improvement: p < 0.001, d = 3.29
• The 2-back task was used to assess working memory performance
• Effect sizes were large for both accuracy and reaction time measures

Acute aerobic exercise significantly increased α and β wave power in the prefrontal, central, and parietal regions.

• Increases in both α and β wave power were statistically significant at p < 0.001
• Changes were observed across prefrontal, central, and parietal regions
• EEG power spectrum analysis was used to record brain electrical activity
• Enhancement of α and β waves was interpreted as optimization of the cognitive control network

Acute aerobic exercise significantly decreased θ wave power in the prefrontal and central regions.

• Decrease in θ wave power was statistically significant at p < 0.05
• Suppression of θ waves was observed specifically in the prefrontal and central regions, not parietal
• Suppression of θ wave power was interpreted as part of the optimization of the cognitive control network
• The pattern of θ suppression contrasted with the broader regional increases seen in α and β waves

The study used a randomized controlled experimental design with 40 male adolescents diagnosed with smartphone addiction.

• Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (acute aerobic exercise) or a control group (neutral reading condition)
• Sample consisted exclusively of male adolescents
• Cognitive performance was assessed using both the Stroop task and the 2-back task
• EEG was used to record brain electrical activity focusing on α, β, and θ wave power