Sleep

The Effect of 4-7-8 Breathing Exercise Technique on Tinnitus Handicap, Psychological Factors, and Sleep Quality in Tinnitus Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.

TL;DR

4-7-8 breathing exercises performed for 6 weeks resulted in significant decreases in tinnitus handicap, anxiety, perceived stress, and sleep quality scores compared to a control group that received only an informative session.

Key Findings

The experimental group showed significant decreases in all outcome measures after 6 weeks of 4-7-8 breathing exercises, while the control group showed no significant changes from baseline.

  • Experimental group: 23 patients with subjective tinnitus; control group: 25 patients with subjective tinnitus
  • Both groups received a 1-hour informative session on tinnitus at the start of the study
  • The experimental group additionally performed 4-7-8 breathing exercises for 6 weeks
  • Outcome measures included VAS, THI, ISI, TAI, and PSS-10, assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks
  • Control group questionnaire and VAS scores after 6 weeks did not differ significantly from their baseline scores

The 4-7-8 breathing exercise technique produced significant reductions in tinnitus handicap as measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) in the experimental group.

  • THI scores in the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to pre-application scores
  • No significant change in THI was observed in the control group over the same period
  • The THI is a validated questionnaire used to assess the impact of tinnitus on daily functioning
  • Both groups had subjective tinnitus as the inclusion criterion

Sleep quality, as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), significantly improved in the experimental group following 6 weeks of 4-7-8 breathing exercises.

  • ISI scores showed a significant decrease in the experimental group after the 6-week program
  • ISI scores in the control group did not show a significant change from baseline
  • The comparison between experimental and control groups after the intervention showed a significant difference in ISI scores

Trait anxiety, as measured by the Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), was significantly reduced in the experimental group after the 6-week 4-7-8 breathing exercise program.

  • TAI scores in the experimental group showed significant decreases compared to pre-application scores
  • The control group did not show significant changes in TAI scores over the 6-week period
  • Between-group comparison after the intervention favored the experimental group

Perceived stress, as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), was significantly reduced in the experimental group following the 4-7-8 breathing exercise intervention.

  • PSS-10 scores in the experimental group showed significant decreases from baseline to post-intervention
  • Control group PSS-10 scores did not differ significantly from baseline after 6 weeks
  • When experimental and control groups were compared after the intervention, a significant decrease was found in PSS-10 scores of the experimental group

Tinnitus loudness as rated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) decreased significantly in the experimental group but not in the control group.

  • VAS scores in the experimental group showed significant decreases after the 6-week program compared to pre-application scores
  • VAS scores of the control group after the session did not differ significantly from baseline scores
  • The between-group comparison after the intervention showed a significant difference in VAS scores

The study was a parallel-group randomized controlled trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06360731) with a total of 48 subjective tinnitus patients.

  • 23 patients were allocated to the experimental group and 25 to the control group
  • The study design was a parallel-group randomized controlled trial
  • Assessments were conducted before and at the end of the 6-week program
  • The 4-7-8 breathing technique involves inhaling for 4 counts, holding for 7 counts, and exhaling for 8 counts

The authors concluded that the 4-7-8 breathing exercise technique can be used as a simple, effective, and supportive therapy method in the clinical management of tinnitus patients.

  • The technique is described as 'simple, effective, and supportive'
  • It is positioned as a complementary or adjunctive approach to existing tinnitus management
  • Effects were observed across multiple domains: handicap, anxiety, stress, sleep, and perceived loudness
  • The 6-week duration was sufficient to demonstrate statistically significant changes in the experimental group

What This Means

This research suggests that a simple breathing exercise called the 4-7-8 technique — where you inhale for 4 counts, hold your breath for 7 counts, and exhale for 8 counts — may help people who suffer from tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears). In this small randomized controlled trial, 48 tinnitus patients were divided into two groups: one group received an hour-long educational session about tinnitus, while the other received the same session and also practiced the 4-7-8 breathing exercise for six weeks. At the end of the study, the breathing exercise group showed meaningful improvements in how much their tinnitus bothered them, how loud it seemed, how anxious they felt, how stressed they were, and how well they slept — while the education-only group showed no significant improvements in any of these areas. This research suggests that a structured breathing exercise requiring no special equipment or cost could serve as a practical add-on to standard tinnitus care. Tinnitus is a condition with no widely accepted cure, and it is often associated with significant psychological distress and sleep problems, making multi-symptom interventions particularly valuable. The improvements seen across anxiety, stress, sleep, and tinnitus-related handicap suggest that the breathing technique may work in part by calming the nervous system. This research suggests these findings should be interpreted with caution given the relatively small sample size (48 total participants) and the short 6-week follow-up period. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods would be needed to confirm whether these benefits are sustained over time and to better understand which patients are most likely to benefit from this approach.

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Citation

Kirazli G, Baran S, Uysal G, Ozdogan A, Durankaya S, Ogut M. (2026). The Effect of 4-7-8 Breathing Exercise Technique on Tinnitus Handicap, Psychological Factors, and Sleep Quality in Tinnitus Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.. Brain and behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70854