Sleep

The effect of hand massage on pain, comfort, and sleep quality in palliative care oncology patients.

TL;DR

Hand massage is an effective method for reducing pain and increasing sleep quality and comfort in palliative oncology patients.

Key Findings

Hand massage significantly reduced pain intensity in palliative oncology patients compared to controls starting from week 2.

  • Randomized controlled experiment with 76 oncology patients in a palliative care clinic of a public hospital
  • Experimental group (n=38) received 16 total sessions of hand massage, twice daily, 2 days per week for 4 weeks
  • Control group (n=38) received no intervention
  • Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 4
  • Statistically significant difference in pain intensity between groups emerged at week 2 (p<0.05)

Hand massage significantly improved comfort levels in palliative oncology patients compared to controls starting from week 2.

  • Comfort was measured using the General Comfort Questionnaire
  • Baseline comfort scores showed no statistical differences between groups (p>0.05)
  • Experimental group reported greater comfort than the control group beginning at week 2 (p<0.05)
  • Assessments were conducted before and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after intervention start

Subjective sleep quality assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was significantly better in the hand massage group than the control group from the first week.

  • Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
  • Significant improvement in subjective sleep quality was observed in the experimental group starting from week 1 (p<0.05)
  • Baseline sleep quality scores showed no statistical differences between groups (p>0.05)
  • Assessments were conducted at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 4

Objective sleep parameters including sleep duration and sleep score measured by a smart wristband were significantly better in the hand massage group from the first week.

  • Objective sleep parameters were measured using a smart wristband in addition to self-reported measures
  • Both objective sleep duration and objective sleep score were significantly better in the experimental group than the control group from week 1 (p<0.05)
  • Use of a smart wristband represents an objective, device-based measurement approach alongside subjective questionnaire data
  • Baseline objective sleep parameters showed no statistical differences between groups (p>0.05)

Demographic characteristics and pre-intervention outcome scores were comparable between experimental and control groups at baseline.

  • No statistically significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between groups (p>0.05)
  • Pre-intervention pain, sleep quality, and comfort scores also showed no statistical differences between groups (p>0.05)
  • Patients were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups
  • Total sample size was 76 patients (38 per group) treated in the palliative care clinic

What This Means

This research suggests that hand massage can meaningfully help cancer patients receiving palliative care manage three common and distressing problems: pain, poor sleep, and discomfort. In this study, patients who received hand massage twice a day, two days a week for four weeks reported less pain and greater overall comfort after two weeks, and better sleep quality after just one week, compared to patients who received no massage. Both self-reported sleep measures (via a standard questionnaire) and objective wristband-based measurements of sleep duration and quality showed the same pattern of improvement. The study is notable for using both subjective (patient-reported) and objective (wristband device) measures of sleep, which strengthens confidence in the findings. The groups were well-matched at the start of the study, meaning the differences seen are likely due to the massage itself rather than pre-existing differences between participants. This research suggests that hand massage, as a simple, non-drug approach, could be a practical addition to palliative care routines for cancer patients. Given that pain, sleep disturbance, and discomfort are pervasive issues in this population and existing pharmacological treatments can have significant side effects, findings like these highlight the potential value of hands-on complementary therapies delivered by nurses or trained caregivers.

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Citation

Koc M, Atar N. (2026). The effect of hand massage on pain, comfort, and sleep quality in palliative care oncology patients.. Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-026-10558-5