The effect of smombie and phubbing levels on psychological well-being in adolescents.

Smombie level alone explained 15.7% of the variance in adolescents' psychological well-being and was negatively associated with it.

• R2 = 0.157; F(1,624) = 117.64, p < 0.001
• Standardized coefficient β = -0.398; 95% CI [-0.475, -0.329]
• Study conducted with 626 adolescents in Turkey between June–September 2025
• Data collected via online survey through Google Forms using the Smombie Scale for Adolescents and Psychological Well-Being Scale

Adding phubbing level to the model increased the total explained variance in psychological well-being to 22.3%.

• R2 = 0.223; F(2,623) = 90.70, p < 0.001
• The addition of phubbing increased explained variance from 15.7% to 22.3%, an increase of 6.6 percentage points
• The General Phubbing Scale was used to measure phubbing behavior
• Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the sequential contribution of predictors

Both smombie and phubbing levels showed statistically significant negative relationships with psychological well-being in the combined model, with phubbing being the stronger predictor.

• Smombie: β = -0.171; 95% CI [-0.266, -0.079]
• Phubbing: β = -0.344; 95% CI [-0.224, -0.130]
• Both associations were statistically significant in the two-predictor model
• Phubbing had a larger absolute standardized coefficient than smombie (0.344 vs. 0.171)

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design conducted with 626 adolescents living in Turkey.

• Data collection period was June–September 2025
• Online survey administered through Google Forms
• Analysis used R programming language 4.1.3, G*Power 3.1, and SPSS-22
• Three instruments were used: Smombie Scale for Adolescents, General Phubbing Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale

The cross-sectional design limits causal inferences about the relationships between smombie, phubbing, and psychological well-being.

• Authors noted that the cross-sectional design 'limits causal inferences'
• Future research recommended to employ a longitudinal design
• Longitudinal design suggested to 'determine the direction of these relationships and their effects over time'