The impact of intermittent fasting during weight reduction in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial.

The IF+CR group achieved significantly greater weight reduction than the CR-alone group after 12 weeks.

• IF+CR group showed a weight reduction of -6.51% compared to -4.41% in the CR group (P < 0.001)
• Participants were randomized to Group 1 (12-hour IF + CR, N = 48) or Group 2 (CR alone, N = 51)
• Trial duration was 3 months (12 weeks), single-center randomized clinical trial
• Total sample size was N = 99 participants aged 21-60 years with type 2 diabetes

The IF+CR group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in HbA1c compared to the CR-alone group.

• HbA1c was reduced to 6.51% in the IF+CR group compared to 6.86% in the CR group (P = 0.035)
• The absolute reduction in HbA1c showed a significantly greater median decrease in the IF+CR group [-0.50 (IQR -0.60 to -0.35)] compared with the CR group [-0.20 (IQR -0.40 to -0.10)] (P = 0.002)
• Biochemical analysis included HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fasting insulin levels used to calculate HOMA-IR

The IF+CR group showed significantly greater reductions in waist and hip circumference compared to the CR-alone group.

• Waist circumference reduction was -4.64% in the IF+CR group compared to -2.70% in the CR group (P < 0.05)
• Hip circumference reduction was -3.12% in the IF+CR group compared to -0.86% in the CR group (P < 0.05)
• Anthropometric evaluations included weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and BMI

The IF+CR group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in body fat mass compared to the CR-alone group.

• Body fat mass reduction was -9.39% in the IF+CR group compared to -5.32% in the CR group (P < 0.001)
• Body composition analysis was performed as part of the outcome assessments

Physical activity levels were comparable between the two groups throughout the trial.

• Average MET was 100 for the IF+CR group and comparable for the CR group
• Sedentary hours were 15.7 (± 3) for IF+CR and 16.2 (± 2.3) for CR (P = 0.134)
• Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire
• The non-significant difference in physical activity suggests that between-group differences in weight and metabolic outcomes were not attributable to differences in physical activity

Both groups experienced significant weight loss after 12 weeks of intervention.

• Both the IF+CR group and the CR-alone group achieved significant within-group weight loss by week 12
• The study used a 12-hour overnight intermittent fasting regimen in the IF+CR group
• Participants were adults with T2D aged 21-60 years assigned to either intervention