The temporal interplay between physical activity, emotional well-being, and health-related quality of life in individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-lagged panel analysis.

Baseline physical component score of HRQoL (PCS) predicted MVPA at 24 months and PCS at 24 months predicted MVPA at 48 months in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

• Baseline PCS predicted MVPA at 24 months (β = 0.124, p < 0.001)
• PCS at 24 months predicted MVPA at 48 months (β = 0.146, p < 0.001)
• Both associations were adjusted for age and sex
• Sample size was 972 adults with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Baseline mental component score of HRQoL (MCS) predicted MVPA at 24 months but not at 48 months.

• Baseline MCS predicted MVPA at 24 months (β = 0.116, p = 0.001)
• MCS did not predict MVPA at 48 months (β = -0.016, p = 0.653)
• This suggests the effect of mental HRQoL on physical activity diminished over time

Baseline emotional well-being (EWB) predicted MVPA at 24 months but not at 48 months.

• Baseline EWB predicted MVPA at 24 months (β = 0.080, p = 0.023)
• EWB did not significantly predict MVPA at 48 months (β = 0.068, p = 0.058)
• EWB was measured using the WHO-5 scale

Baseline MVPA did not predict physical component score (PCS) at 24 months, but MVPA at 24 months did predict PCS at 48 months.

• Baseline MVPA did not predict PCS at 24 months (β = 0.038, p = 0.184)
• MVPA at 24 months predicted PCS at 48 months (β = 0.065, p = 0.024)
• This indicates a delayed or emerging effect of MVPA on physical HRQoL

MVPA did not predict mental component score (MCS) or emotional well-being (EWB) at any time point.

• No statistically significant cross-lagged effects of MVPA on MCS were found
• No statistically significant cross-lagged effects of MVPA on EWB were found
• These null findings contrast with the significant effects of MCS and EWB on subsequent MVPA
• The overall pattern suggests a primarily unidirectional relationship where psychological and HRQoL factors drive physical activity rather than the reverse

A three-wave cross-lagged panel model was used to assess bidirectional longitudinal associations over 48 months in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

• 972 adults with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus participated
• MVPA was assessed using accelerometry
• HRQoL was assessed using the SF-12 (physical component score [PCS] and mental component score [MCS])
• Emotional well-being was assessed using the WHO-5
• Measurements were conducted at baseline, 24 months, and 48 months
• All models were adjusted for age and sex