Two-year outcomes of denosumab treatment for osteoporosis comparing the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

No significant differences in BMD changes were observed between patients who received calcium and vitamin D supplementation and those who did not after one and two years of denosumab treatment.

• BMD was measured at three sites: lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck
• Assessments were conducted at one-year and two-year time points
• The study included 344 patients who received at least four doses of denosumab
• The cohort consisted of 328 women with a mean age of 70.50 ± 9.48 years

Treatment-naive patients showed no significant difference in BMD gains between those who received denosumab alone and those who received denosumab combined with calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

• The treatment-naive subgroup included 209 patients
• A subgroup analysis was specifically conducted to compare denosumab alone versus denosumab combined with supplementation
• BMD gains did not differ significantly between the supplemented and non-supplemented groups in this subgroup

The type of prior osteoporosis medication and the presence of low-energy fragility fractures did not significantly affect BMD changes at either time point.

• BMD changes were evaluated according to patients' prior osteoporosis treatments and history of osteoporotic fractures
• Assessments were made at both one-year and two-year time points
• This finding held across lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck measurements

Statistically significant baseline differences existed between the supplemented and non-supplemented groups in prior osteoporosis treatment history and baseline lumbar spine BMD.

• Prior osteoporosis treatment differed significantly between groups (P = 0.004)
• Baseline lumbar spine BMD differed significantly between groups (P = 0.027)
• No significant baseline differences were noted at the total hip or femoral neck sites

None of the patients reported adverse events related to denosumab treatment throughout the study period.

• Adverse events specifically monitored included injection site infections, myalgia, and symptomatic hypocalcemia
• Zero adverse events were reported across all 344 patients
• This was noted as notable given that some patients were not receiving calcium and vitamin D supplementation, which could theoretically increase hypocalcemia risk

The study population was predominantly female and elderly, reflecting typical osteoporosis demographics.

• 328 out of 344 patients were women
• Mean age was 70.50 ± 9.48 years
• This was a retrospective study design
• Patients were required to have received at least four doses of denosumab to be included