Unearthing the global, regional, and national epidemiological landscapes of high BMI-driven ischemic heart disease burden in youth: Trends, determinants, and future trajectories.

Central America, the Caribbean, North Africa, and parts of the Middle East and Southeast Asia experienced the most pronounced high BMI-attributable IHD burden among youth.

• Data were drawn from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) across 204 countries and territories.
• The study population focused on individuals aged 20-49 years.
• Geographic disparities were identified using mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as outcome measures.
• These regions showed the most pronounced burden compared to other global regions.

Low sociodemographic index (SDI) countries exhibited persistent increases in high BMI-attributable IHD burden, while high-middle and high SDI nations showed signs of stabilization or decline.

• Burden was stratified across sociodemographic index (SDI) levels.
• Joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends across SDI categories.
• High-middle and high SDI nations showed signs of stabilization or decline in IHD burden attributable to high BMI.
• Low SDI countries showed persistent upward trends in contrast to more developed nations.

Age-period-cohort analysis revealed heterogeneous epidemiological patterns, with the epidemiological transition progressing more rapidly in lower-SDI settings.

• Age-period-cohort modeling was employed to assess epidemiological patterns.
• The analysis uncovered heterogeneous patterns across sociodemographic contexts.
• The epidemiological transition was found to be progressing more rapidly in lower-SDI settings.
• The study examined youth (20-49 year-olds) specifically to capture trends in this demographic.

Decomposition analysis indicated that epidemiological changes and population growth were the dominant drivers of the rising IHD burden attributable to high BMI in less developed regions.

• Decomposition analyses were employed alongside joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort modeling.
• Epidemiological changes (distinct from demographic factors alone) were identified as a dominant driver.
• Population growth was identified as the other dominant driver in less developed regions.
• These findings distinguish the contribution of epidemiological versus demographic factors to the rising burden.

The study analyzed mortality, incidence, and DALYs of IHD related to high BMI among 20-49 year-olds across 204 countries and territories using GBD 2021 data.

• Data source was the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021).
• Three outcome measures were used: mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
• The analysis covered 204 countries and territories.
• The age range studied was 20-49 years, specifically targeting youth populations.
• Analytical methods included joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort modeling, and decomposition analyses.