Vitamin D, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk: Insights from a multivariable cross-sectional study.

Significant differences in cardiometabolic parameters emerged across weight categories but vitamin D levels showed no significant correlation with most metabolic variables.

• Cross-sectional analysis conducted on 130 adults categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups.
• Participants were also grouped based on serum vitamin D levels using a threshold of 20 ng/mL.
• Significant differences in cardiometabolic parameters across weight categories were found (p < 0.05).
• Vitamin D levels showed no significant correlation with most metabolic variables in either univariate or multivariate analysis.

Principal component analysis revealed that vitamin D and BMI were consistently represented as opposing vectors, suggesting distinct but potentially interacting influences on metabolic risk.

• PCA was applied to explore underlying patterns of association among metabolic, atherogenic, and adiposity-related markers.
• BMI was associated with indices such as TG/HDL, atherogenic index of plasma, and cardiometabolic risk index.
• Vitamin D correlated more closely with HDL, total cholesterol, and Triglyceride-Cholesterol Body Index.
• The opposing vector representation of vitamin D and BMI in PCA suggests possible interaction effects between the two variables.

Vitamin D may influence cardiometabolic profiles through mechanisms that are at least partially independent of adiposity.

• Despite the lack of direct correlations between vitamin D and most metabolic variables, divergent associations were observed in PCA.
• The study assessed a wide range of metabolic, atherogenic, and adiposity-related markers in adults stratified by weight status.
• Authors concluded that the findings suggest possible interaction effects between BMI and vitamin D on cardiometabolic risk.
• The authors call for further longitudinal studies to evaluate vitamin D's role as a 'context-dependent modulator of metabolic risk.'

The study population of 130 adults was stratified by both weight status and serum vitamin D levels for comparative analysis.

• Participants were categorized into three weight groups: normal weight, overweight, and obesity.
• A secondary grouping was based on serum vitamin D levels with a threshold of 20 ng/mL.
• Clinical, metabolic, and anthropometric variables were compared across groups.
• Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in addition to PCA.