Aging & Longevity
500 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Sex differences and gender bias on memory tests in older adults.
A gender bias was observed on the FNAME-12 memory test—particularly among male participants—where male stimuli were better remembered than female stimuli, suggesting that sex differences on memory tests require careful interpretation as they may be partially explained by gender-related bias in the learning and recall of test content.
A scoping review of emotion and non-cognitive measures of decision-making ability in older adults by the ARMCADA study.
A scoping review of 232 articles identified 143 unique emotion and non-cognitive decision-making measures used in aging research, finding a predominant preference for assessing risk-taking and impulsivity across both clinical and non-clinical samples.
The impact of older adults' volunteer motivation on successful aging: a moderated mediation model.
Volunteer motivation significantly and positively predicted successful aging among older adults, with altruistic behavior serving as a partial mediator and loneliness moderating the latter stage of this mediating pathway by attenuating the positive predictive effect of altruistic behavior on successful aging.
Sex-specific nonlinear DNA methylation aging trajectories reveal biomarkers of cancer risk and inflammation.
SNITCH, a computational framework for detecting nonlinear DNA methylation aging trajectories, reveals sex-specific epigenetic aging programs in whole blood, with a female-specific nonlinear cluster prospectively associated with cancer onset and systemic inflammation.
Soluble fermentable dietary fiber attenuates age-related cognitive impairment via neuroimmune and antioxidant modulation: evidence from multilevel analyses in populations and aging mouse models.
Convergent population, animal, and single-cell findings support a model in which higher total dietary fiber intake is associated with better late-life cognition, and SFDF interventions can attenuate aging-related neuroimmune activation and oxidative stress in experimental systems, highlighting dietary fiber as a scalable nutritional strategy to support healthy cognitive aging.
Long-term representational costs of overloading working memory.
Overloading working memory at encoding impairs long-term memory gist retrieval in both older and younger adults, even under intentional learning conditions, challenging theories of relatively automatic gist encoding.
Hypertension is associated with knee osteoarthritis pain in an age-dependent manner.
Hypertension was associated with an age-dependent decline in reported knee pain, poorer physical function, and more severe radiographic knee OA in females, suggesting hypertensive individuals may deviate from a progressive OA pain trajectory and contribute to discordance between joint damage and pain.
Aging Triggers an Intestinal Energy Crisis and HDL3 Deficiency Disrupting Gut-Liver Axis Homeostasis.
Aging induces a mitochondrial energy crisis and defective ABCA1 membrane localization that inhibits intestinal HDL3 biosynthesis, and NMN supplementation restores the NAD+-mitochondria-ABCA1-HDL3 axis to ameliorate age-related liver injury via the gut-liver axis.
Is the process of successful sexual aging different in older partnered and non-partnered adults?
Although the 9-item SSA measure can reliably assess sexual aging in both partnered and non-partnered older adults, direct comparisons should be avoided due to partnership-specific properties of positive sexual aging, with SSA appearing 'somewhat more difficult for older non-partnered adults compared to their partnered peers.'
Age-related impairments in scene-based mnemonic pattern separation.
Older adults showed markedly lower overall accuracy, substantially reduced lure discrimination index, lower corrected recognition scores, and significantly slower responses than younger adults across levels of perceptual degradation in a scene-based mnemonic similarity task.
Female Reproductive Cancers and the Sex Gap in Survival.
In a population-level cohort study of 20 low-mortality countries, females aged 35 to 60 years experienced a consistent cross-cohort disadvantage in cancer mortality compared with males, primarily due to breast cancer, and eliminating female reproductive cancers would expand the sex gap in survival by an estimated mean of 0.77 years.
Visual impairment takes on a setback to successful aging: evidence from six international longitudinal studies.
Visual impairment was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of successful aging, with a pooled odds ratio of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.49–0.63) across six international longitudinal cohorts.
Mapping intersectional aging vulnerabilities in Aragón: A new GIS methodology from a gender perspective.
An evidence-based feminist methodology integrating feminist epistemology and situated knowledge theories with 17 intersectional indicators mapped via GIS tools reveals territorial disparities and gender gaps in aging vulnerability across Aragón, Spain, offering policymakers a holistic roadmap for resource allocation.
Independent associations of phosphorylated tau181 and neurofilament light with cognitive outcomes in the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD).
Plasma p-tau181 and NfL were associated with multiple cognitive domains, with the strongest effects in NHW participants and attenuated associations in NHB and Hispanic individuals.
Spatial abilities in aging adults with Down syndrome.
Visuomotor integration declines more with aging than visuospatial construction in Down syndrome, and while both spatial abilities showed excellent or acceptable discrimination between cognitively stable and AD stages, neither may effectively diagnose early cognitive decline when used alone.
Negative social ties as emerging risk factors for accelerated aging, inflammation, and multimorbidity.
Negative social ties ('hasslers') are associated with accelerated biological aging, with each additional hassler corresponding to approximately 1.5% faster pace of aging and roughly 9 months older biological age, as well as broader adverse health outcomes including inflammation and multimorbidity.
Epigenetic age and cardiometabolic disease in Guatemalan adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
DunedinPACE showed consistent associations of accelerated epigenetic aging with multiple cardiometabolic conditions, and all three epigenetic clocks showed accelerated aging among individuals with diabetes in a Guatemalan adult cohort.
Hypertension and age-related focal global glomerulosclerosis are associated with biomarkers for cellular senescence.
As FGGS developed, podocyte depletion, cellular senescence markers, and PEC activation were associated with tuft contraction and increased with hypertension.
Older adults can outperform younger adults in creative problem solving.
Older adults generated more original and expansive responses than younger and middle-aged adults, particularly during initial responses, suggesting that aging fosters unique cognitive strengths linked to distant associations rather than superior executive control.
Blood-based epigenetic instability linked to human aging and disease.
Blood-based DNA methylation instability at 31,744 epigenetically stable CpG loci serves as a biomarker for hematological cancer and cardiovascular disease, and is mechanistically linked to the expansion of maladaptive hematopoietic clones.
Sleep, metabolites, and global cognition: a mediation analysis of plasma metabolic profiles in the West China Health and Aging Cohort.
Plasma metabolic signatures, particularly those involving BCAA metabolism, may serve as biological intermediaries linking poor sleep to worse cognitive function in older adults, with composite metabolite scores mediating up to 13.6% of the sleep-cognition association.
Prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty, and certainty-seeking behaviours across adulthood in a Chinese sample.
Whilst one's belief about their general ability to manage uncertainty in daily life increases with age, so does one's behavioural conservatism in the context of new (i.e., uncertain) situations.
Nurse-Led Interventions Targeting Clinical Correlates of Immunosenescence in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.
Multicomponent nurse-led programmes integrating physical activity, nutrition, and psychosocial support appear most promising for frailty and functional outcomes, while low-intensity interventions show limited effectiveness, and no primary studies addressed nurse-led vaccination coaching.
Depressive symptoms but not chronic stress mediate the link between income and cognition in Latino and Black older adults: findings from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities.
Depressive symptoms, but not chronic stress, significantly mediated the link between income and both episodic memory and executive functioning in Black and Latino older adults.
Recommended contents for a longitudinal, population-representative study of health, retirement, and aging.
The authors provide recommendations for key content and design considerations in developing longitudinal, population-representative aging studies, drawing on experience harmonizing the U.S. Health and Retirement Study protocol for international comparisons.
Sex Matters: Hormonal and Chromosomal Determinants of Autoimmunity and Anti-Cancer Immunity Across the Lifespan.
Sex differences in hormone levels, chromosome complement, and XIST expression shape both anti-cancer immunity and autoimmunity across the lifespan, and these factors change over time through processes such as mini-puberty, menopause, andropause, and somatic loss of Y chromosome.
Frequency-Resolved Cortical Functional Connectivity Across the Adult Lifespan.
Age-related, frequency-specific changes in resting-state functional connectivity were observed across the healthy adult lifespan, with alpha-band connectivity decreasing, delta/theta/gamma increasing, and beta-band following a non-linear trajectory peaking in middle age, with reduced beta-band connectivity associated with increased sensorimotor attenuation.
In vivo wideband MR elastography for assessing age-related viscoelasticity changes of the human brain.
Wideband MRE (5-50 Hz) revealed frequency-dependent and region-specific biomechanical alterations with aging, with age-related brain softening most pronounced at low frequencies, suggesting low frequency MRE may serve as an early biomechanical marker of microstructural brain changes due to aging and neurodegeneration.
The chain mediating role of self-efficacy and cognitive function in the relationship between physical exercise and active aging: A cross-sectional study.
Physical exercise had a significant positive effect on active aging, with self-efficacy and cognitive function playing serial multiple mediating roles in this relationship among older adults.
Biomarkers help us understand how cellular and systemic aging contribute to mortality: a study utilizing a machine-learning approach in the Health and Retirement Study.
Using machine-learning mortality risk scores in the Health and Retirement Study, the authors found that most biological systems' effects on mortality may be well captured by one or a small number of biomarkers, and that female sex is a protective or risk factor depending on the specific biological system examined.
Altered Cytokine-Induced STAT3 and STAT5 Activation of Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells Contributes to Vaccine-Non-Responsiveness in Aging and HIV.
As individuals age, IL-2-induced STAT5 signaling in pTfh increases, potentially hindering Tfh cell differentiation and function, which may result in weaker vaccine responses, while IL-21-induced STAT3 signaling supports pTfh cell frequency and vaccine responsiveness.
The relationship between digital health literacy and health anxiety among Chinese older adults: the role of aging attitudes and physical activity.
Digital health literacy was significantly and negatively associated with health anxiety among Chinese older adults, with aging attitudes and physical activity serving as independent and chain mediators of this relationship.
Bone marrow adipose tissue mass and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 link aging and metabolic health to biomarkers of bone turnover.
Age was the strongest determinant of increased BMAT mass, explaining more than a third of its overall variation, and the impact of BMAT on bone turnover was age- and sex-dependent, whereas DPP4 was linked to bone turnover independently of metabolic health or aging.
Age-driven shifts in T and NK cell responses amplify inflammation and coagulopathy during viral infection in mice and humans.
Advanced age profoundly alters antiviral immune responses, shifting immunity away from effective antigen-specific T cell responses toward inflammatory and innate pathways that contribute to immune-mediated pathology, coagulopathy, and increased mortality during viral infection in both mice and humans.
Biologically Younger Individuals, as Identified by MARK-AGE Biological Age Scores, Display a Distinct Favourable Blood Chemistry Profile Regardless of Age.
Biologically younger individuals identified by MARK-AGE biological age scores display a distinct favourable blood chemistry profile, with age difference (biological minus chronological age) linearly correlated with HDL, 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D, and CD3+ CD4+/CD45+ ratio, independent of chronological age.
Effect of a 24-week resistance exercise intervention on cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: The AGUEDA randomized controlled trial.
A 24-week resistance exercise intervention produced selective improvements in attentional/inhibitory control but did not improve overall executive function or other cognitive domains in cognitively normal older adults.
Intrinsic capacity and healthy aging in the United Kingdom and Brazil: a coordinated analysis of 2 population-based cohort studies.
Intrinsic capacity showed consistent associations with sociodemographic factors and health outcomes in both the United Kingdom and Brazil, suggesting IC may inform equitable, person-centered healthy aging policies for older adults in diverse contexts.
Aging does not affect the relationship between OCT and clinical or MRI outcome measures.
Associations between retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness and MRI/clinical outcomes in MS showed consistent directionality across both age-matched and age-heterogeneous cohorts, and were largely independent of age.
Genetic insights into biological aging and myasthenia gravis: a Mendelian randomization study of telomere length, epigenetic clocks, and mitochondrial DNA copy number.
This bidirectional Mendelian randomization study demonstrates a bidirectional causality between early-onset myasthenia gravis and epigenetic aging clocks, indicating a self-reinforcing pathophysiological cycle in which epigenetic age acceleration is both a driver and a result of EOMG progression.
Brain Age in Adult Patients With Early-Treated Phenylketonuria.
The brain age gap in the insula was significantly higher in adults with early-treated classical PKU than controls, and cingulate brain age gap was associated with phenylalanine levels and white matter lesion load, suggesting atypical brain development due to cumulative metabolic disturbances.
The Immune Cell Atlas of "Longevity Molecular Tag": Identification of Principal Immune Cell Subsets and Their Underlying Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms.
Centenarians achieve immune equilibrium by remodeling cytotoxic immune lineages (NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells) and finely tuning inflammatory responses, thereby promoting health span and longevity.
Lifestyle factors and DNA methylation-based aging clocks: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in the Singapore diet and healthy aging cohort.
Cross-sectional analyses revealed robust associations between smoking, physical activity, and cognitive engagement with epigenetic aging clocks in older Asian adults, while no significant longitudinal associations were detected over a mean follow-up of 3.96 years.
Blood VOCs mixture, biological aging, with preserved ratio impaired spirometry and pulmonary dysfunction: Unraveling impact, mediation, and latent mechanism.
Individual and particularly mixed VOCs exposure were associated with pulmonary dysfunction including PRISm, which were mediated by biological aging, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be the underlying mechanism.
Food Diversity and Aging Well in a Multicultural City: A Case Study of Japanese Canadian (Nikkei) Seniors and Community Congregate Dining.
Community Congregate Dining for Japanese Canadian seniors fosters belonging and healthy aging through social, educational, and cultural benefits, while success depends on managing linguistic diversity, meaningful interaction, and transportation access.
Plasma Proteome Profiling of Centenarian Across Switzerland Reveals Key Youth-Associated Proteins.
Using plasma proteomics of the SWISS100 centenarian cohort, the authors identified 583 differentially expressed proteins and a subgroup of 37 'youth-associated' proteins in centenarians that point to programmed cell death, metabolic enzyme pathways, extracellular matrix stability, immune and inflammatory responses, and neurotrophic signaling pathways as key processes associated with longevity.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone alleviates age-related osteoarthritis via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated stress response and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor upregulation.
PQQ mitigates age-related OA by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/anti-senescence responses and transcriptionally upregulating IGF1R to support matrix anabolism, identifying the PQQ-Nrf2-IGF1R axis as a promising therapeutic target for preventing or slowing age-related OA progression.
Telomere length in patients with Marfan Syndrome.
Adults with Marfan syndrome have shorter leukocyte telomere length compared to healthy controls, and shorter telomere length is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events, suggesting a role for accelerated aging mechanisms in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Oral Delivery of R-spondin1-Loaded Small Extracellular Vesicles Activates WNT Signalling Pathway to Accelerate Intestinal Injury Repair and Reverse Ageing.
Oral administration of R-spondin1-loaded small extracellular vesicles (evRSPO1) activates the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway in the cryptic stem cell niche, accelerating tissue repair in radiation-induced intestinal injury and reversing intestinal senescence phenotypes in aged mice.
Relationship between expectations regarding aging and productive engagement among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.
Community-dwelling older adults exhibited moderate levels of both expectation regarding aging and productive engagement, with all four dimensions of aging expectations showing positive correlations with and predictive capacity for productive engagement.
Senolytics, dasatanib plus quercetin, reduce kidney inflammation, senescent cell abundance, and injury while restoring geroprotective factors in murine diabetic kidney disease.
A 'hit-and-run' senolytic treatment with dasatinib plus quercetin improved kidney function and mitigated murine diabetic kidney disease by modulating the inflammatory landscape, reducing senescent cell abundance, and restoring geroprotective factors.