Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Unraveling the anti-inflammatory effects of Mediterranean diet in patients with cancer remission.
A personalized Mediterranean diet intervention in 132 cancer remission patients produced significant reductions in specific inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers after six months, with distinct effects depending on tumor type, suggesting nutritional intervention as a promising complementary strategy in oncological management.
Effect of Exogenous Ketones as an Adjunct to Low-Calorie Diet on Metabolic Markers.
Exogenous BHB supplementation may enhance the quality of diet-induced weight loss through within-group improvements in fat mass reduction and lean mass preservation, with no adverse metabolic impacts.
Ultrasound evaluation of epicardial fat and Eco-Obesity body composition assessment.
EAT is a metabolically active visceral depot associated with adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in obesity, and routine ultrasonographic assessment of EAT should be integrated into clinical protocols for body composition analysis in the obese population.
Automated CT-derived body composition predicts pathologic response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.
AI-based CT-derived body composition quantification, particularly baseline SMVI and dynamic changes in SMVI and SAVI during neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, are independently associated with pathological complete response in NSCLC, and incorporating these biomarkers into predictive models improves performance beyond clinical variables alone.
Metabolic profiles associated with fat loss in Parkinson's disease.
PD-related fat loss was accompanied by a pattern of lower glycolytic activity and higher levels of lipid and amino acid metabolism-related metabolites, consistent with a potential shift in energy utilisation.
Association between the triglyceride glucose index:Chinese visceral adiposity index (TyG-CVAI) and new-onset cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults-insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
In a national cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese adults, a higher TyG-CVAI was independently and nonlinearly associated with an increased risk of new-onset CVD, demonstrating superior predictive value over its individual components.
Associations between body composition and autonomic cardiorespiratory modulation in young adults.
Higher adiposity (higher BMI, %FM, and visceral fat indices), particularly in young men, was associated with reduced vagal HRV and diminished cardiorespiratory complexity.
Anthropometry, body composition, nutritional intake and eating behavior of transgender people.
Intake and risk of eating disorders do not seem to follow the sex assigned at birth, but rather gender identity, and transgender people assigned female or male at birth need different nutritional care.
Weight gain, body composition, and metabolic parameters of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: an ancillary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial.
Over approximately 5 years, indices defining excessive weight gain and central adiposity were similar with dolutegravir and other anchor drugs, and lipid and glycaemia profiles with dolutegravir were reassuring, providing supporting evidence for dolutegravir-based ART as the preferred treatment in children and adolescents.
Associations between asprosin, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in adults with obesity.
Asprosin levels were significantly elevated in overweight and obese adults and positively correlated with insulin resistance indices, oxidative stress, and fat mass, suggesting ASP may primarily reflect liver-specific metabolic dysfunction rather than peripheral insulin resistance.
Impact of multi-component school food environment interventions on adiposity and food consumption in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.
While multi-component school food environment interventions showed a small but significant reduction in waist circumference and improvements in some dietary behaviors, their effectiveness in preventing obesity remains inconclusive, with no consistent effects observed for body mass index or body fat percentage.
Enhanced opportunistic CT screening for osteoporosis using Machine learning derived volumetric vertebral and complementary body composition information.
DL segmentation-based integration of volumetric vertebral and body composition features enables accurate prediction of lumbar and femoral BMD and improves sensitivity for osteoporosis detection compared to single-slice lumbar vertebral attenuation.
Independent and Combined Effects of Resistance Training and Whey Protein on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Individuals with MASLD Under Caloric Restriction.
In individuals with MASLD undergoing ~30% caloric restriction, ≥0.8 g·kg-1·day-1 of protein preserves skeletal muscle mass, but the anabolic synergy of resistance training and protein for functional adaptation appears to be blunted by the substantial energy deficit.
Relationship between neck circumference and body composition: a cross-sectional study based on a Chinese population.
Neck circumference correlates significantly with key obesity indices and performs as a simple, effective obesity screening tool for young Chinese females, while males require comprehensive assessment with BMI, PBF, and VFA.
Alternative Measures of Body Composition and Outcomes Following Heart Transplant.
Although BMI does not predict mortality post-HT, it can differentiate risk better than all other metrics, with highest and lowest BMI tertiles associated with increased rates of hospital readmission and infection in the first-year post HT.
Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns and Their Associations with Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Vegans, Vegetarians, Pescatarians, and Omnivores: A Cross-Sectional Study.
A vegan diet combined with healthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with favorable body composition and lipid profiles, but suboptimal lifestyle behaviors among vegans were associated with elevated LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and homocysteine levels.
Effects of 5:2 intermittent fasting meal replacement on body composition and abdominal fat distribution in overweight and obese adults with early type 2 diabetes.
The 5:2 intermittent fasting meal replacement regimen may be more effective than metformin and empagliflozin in improving body composition and abdominal fat distribution in early T2DM, and is proposed as a therapeutic option.
Efficacy of leucine-rich high protein supplementation on body composition and muscle function among older adults with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial.
Leucine-rich high protein supplementation did not produce significant changes in body composition or muscle function in older adults with sarcopenia, but showed potential in improving gene expression related to ATP production, cell proliferation, and DNA repair.
Association between visceral adiposity index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional analysis.
This cross-sectional analysis found a significant positive correlation between Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) levels and the prevalence of COPD, independent of confounding factors, with a threshold effect identified at a VAI inflection point of 2.55.
Eating habits, nutritional status, and lifestyle correlates of body composition in Chinese university students: a cross-sectional study.
Unbalanced dietary patterns, hidden obesity, and low protein mass are widespread among Chinese university students, with sex-specific differences, and weekly fruit intake showed a weak but positive association with both body fat and protein percentages after adjusting for confounders.
Age-Related Variations in Body Composition and Metabolic Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adults.
Significant age-related changes in body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and platelet fatty acid profiles occur after the age of 40, with distinct gender-specific patterns, making the fifth decade of life a transitional period characterized by central adiposity, deteriorating metabolic profiles, and altered fatty acid composition, especially in women.
Regional body composition and human core temperature responses to mild temperature water immersion in adults.
Trunk fat mass was negatively and significantly correlated with core temperature cooling rates during water immersion, such that individuals with low trunk fat mass are least capable of defending core body temperature.
Nutritional Status, Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Profile in Individuals with Tetraplegia: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.
Individuals with chronic tetraplegia exhibit increased adiposity and early metabolic alterations despite normal BMI and modest reported energy intake, reinforcing the inadequacy of BMI for nutritional assessment in spinal cord injury.
Exploration of Body Self-Image and Associated Body Composition Supplement Behaviors in College Students.
Internalized appearance ideals, emotional distress, and social approval pressures are linked to weight- and physique-driven supplement behaviors in college students.
Physical activity barriers, nutrition, motivation, and body composition in university students.
Nutritional attitudes, general motivation, and perceived barriers jointly shape students' healthy lifestyle profiles, with positive nutritional attitudes associated with higher muscle mass and lower fat percentage, while barrier perceptions showed the opposite pattern.
Age-stratified Characterization of Body Composition and Biochemical Profiles in Cardiometabolic Risk Assessment.
Cardiometabolic risk develops already in early adulthood, with age-specific thresholds for visceral fat and biochemical markers potentially improving risk stratification across working-age groups.
Associations between body composition, hydration status, and sleep architecture in obstructive sleep apnea.
Body composition and hydration status were significantly associated with sleep architecture and AHI, supporting a personalized approach to OSA management emphasizing not only weight control but also muscle preservation and fluid balance optimization.
Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with dietary intervention on body composition, cardiovascular function, endothelial cell function and blood lipid indexes in children with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
The combination of high-intensity interval training and dietary intervention promotes fat reduction, enhances antioxidant capacity, and improves cardiorespiratory function in overweight children, with superior outcomes in body composition, cardiovascular function, and endothelial cell function compared to MICT or HIIT alone.
Berberine and Adiposity in Diabetes-Free Individuals With Obesity and MASLD: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
In this randomized clinical trial of diabetes-free individuals with obesity and MASLD, a 6-month berberine treatment at a daily dose of 1 g had an excellent safety profile but did not reduce VAT area or liver fat content.
Effects of Resistance Training Combined with Vitamin D Supplementation on Health-Related Variables in the Elderly: Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Inflammatory Status.
Vitamin D supplementation at 2000 IU/day combined with resistance training did not enhance adaptations to resistance training in older adults with normal baseline vitamin D levels, though both groups showed significant strength gains.
Body Composition and Eating Habits in Newly Diagnosed Graves' Disease Patients Compared with Euthyroid Controls.
Hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients display increased extracellular water and reduced body cell mass, with standardized phase angle inversely associated with disease severity and representing a valuable clinical tool for assessing nutritional status in thyrotoxic patients.
Body composition and physical fitness in transgender versus cisgender individuals: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Current evidence is mostly low certainty and does not support theories of inherent athletic advantages for transgender women over cisgender women, as transgender women exhibited higher lean mass than cisgender women but comparable physical fitness.
Study on nutritional status and incidence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
Elderly CHF patients exhibit a higher risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, with BMI, protein, mineral, and triceps skinfold thickness identified as protective factors for sarcopenia after adjusting for confounding factors.
The Role of HMB Supplementation in Enhancing the Effects of Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Muscle Quality, Body Composition, and Physical Function.
RT+HMB produced modest and borderline significant improvements in handgrip strength and moderate benefits in SPPB scores compared with RT alone, without significant effects on body composition or muscle quality in older adults.
Body Composition, Microbiome and Physical Activity in Workers Under Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia.
Seven-day intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure in workers produced significant increases in phase angle and decreases in BMI, along with significant changes in specific gut bacterial families, while physical activity levels remained consistently low.
Host-related Determinants of Response to Immunotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The Interplay of Body Composition, Metabolism, Sex and Immune Regulation.
Host-related determinants including body composition, metabolic comorbidities, sex, and systemic inflammation play an integral role in shaping response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC, with a deeper understanding of these factors potentially enabling more precise patient stratification and personalized immunotherapy strategies.
Body Composition Changes After Bariatric Surgery or Treatment With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.
Both bariatric surgery and semaglutide or tirzepatide treatment were associated with substantial fat mass loss, moderate fat-free mass loss, and improved fat-free mass to fat mass ratio over 24 months.
Comparative effects of combined aerobic and resistance training versus high-intensity interval training on insulin resistance, glycaemic control, body composition and quality of life in type 2 diabetes: A 12-week randomised controlled trial.
Both HIIT and combined aerobic-resistance training significantly improved metabolic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes compared with standard care in adults with T2DM, with HIIT yielding greater benefits for fasting glucose and muscle mass while A+R conferred broader improvements in HbA1c, fat reduction, and quality of life.
Body fat distribution and aging: Unveiling association and potential intervention strategies.
All body fat distribution indicators were positively correlated with PhenoAge (biological aging), with trunk fat mass exhibiting the strongest association, and gut microbiota may mediate the relationship between body fat distribution and aging.
Acute Effects of Marathon and Ultramarathon Running on Body Composition in Trained Male Athletes.
Endurance running induces short-term but substantial alterations in body composition, with ultramarathon participation eliciting more pronounced metabolic and fluid balance responses than marathon running.
Prevotella copri promotes white adipose browning and ameliorates adiposity.
P. copri promotes white adipose browning and ameliorates adiposity via succinate-SUCNR1-macrophage-IL-6-STAT3-FOXM1 signaling axis, with P. copri abundance negatively correlated with obesity in a Chinese cohort.
Nutritional Status, Body Composition and Growth in Paediatric-Onset Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review.
Growth impairment and poor nutritional status can occur in children and adolescents with UC, with growth failure prevalence ranging from 7% to 36% and undernutrition affecting up to 25% of patients, but larger, standardized, high-quality studies focused specifically on UC are needed.
Effects of Lifestyle, Diet, and Body Composition on Free Testosterone and Cortisol Levels in Young Men.
Free testosterone in young men was negatively correlated with body fat and positively correlated with meeting energy and nutrient requirements, while morning cortisol was negatively correlated with body weight, height, and intakes of cholesterol, folic acid, and vitamin A.
Association Between Body Composition and Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.
POAG risk differs according to body composition, with greater leg fat associated with reduced POAG risk and greater fat mass associated with higher IOP levels, suggesting that maintaining a healthy body composition pattern may mitigate its risk.
Multi-omic definition of metabolic obesity through adipose tissue-microbiome interactions.
Deep multi-omics phenotyping of 1,408 individuals defines a metabolome-informed obesity metric (metBMI) that captures adipose tissue-related dysfunction across organ systems, outperforms BMI in stratifying cardiometabolic risk, and reveals a bidirectional, metabolite-centered host-microbiome axis.
Ablation of Prdm16 and beige fat identity causes vascular remodeling and elevated blood pressure.
Ablation of Prdm16 and beige fat identity causes vascular remodeling and elevated blood pressure mediated by the circulating enzyme QSOX1, demonstrating a key role for beige adipocytes in blood pressure regulation.