Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Reliability of body condition scoring using the Rabbit Size-O-Meter in companion rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).
Intra-rater reliability of the Rabbit Size-O-Meter was high but inter-rater reliability was limited, and modifying the body scoring system and validating the RSOM against objective measures of adiposity are recommended.
Study of muscle strength using hand-held dynamometry in pediatric patients with obesity.
In a sample of children with obesity, muscle strength was not decreased compared to the healthy reference population, and fat-free mass was the strongest predictor of muscle strength.
Dog Owners Exhibit Better Diet Quality but Similar Physical Activity Compared to Non-Owners: A Case-Control Study.
Dog ownership is associated with improved body composition and smaller skinfold thickness at specific body sites, as well as with a more health-conscious lifestyle, including better diet quality and knowledge, but similar physical activity levels compared to non-owners.
Changes of bone, adipose, and muscle-related body compositions in gastric cancers after gastrectomy using deep learning based automatic segmentation.
BMD, adipose-related, and muscle-related body compositions showed significant losses over 12 months in gastric cancers underwent gastrectomy, with the greatest losses observed in adipose-related compositions and significant increases in the proportions of sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
Body composition in CT as a predictor of major post-operative complications in patients undergoing definitive surgery for intestinal fistulas.
Lower quadratus lumborum index (QLI) and longer length of stay were identified as independent risk factors for major postoperative complications in patients undergoing definitive surgery for intestinal fistulas.
Dietary Diversity, Dietary Patterns, and Cardiometabolic Health in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Dietary diversity was independently associated with both higher prevalence of excess body weight and greater relative muscle mass in Ecuadorian university students, while empirically derived dietary patterns showed no significant associations with adiposity, muscular strength, or relative muscle mass after adjustment.
Does pre-checkpoint inhibitor sarcopenia, visceral, or subcutaneous fat predict survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients?
Pre-treatment body composition metrics (SMI, VFA, SFA) did not significantly predict survival in NSCLC patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors, though the study was likely underpowered with wide confidence intervals, limiting definitive conclusions.
Role of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Detecting Nutritional Disorders in Institutionalized Psychogeriatric Patients.
Application of BIVA in institutionalized psychogeriatric patients allows for easier, faster, and more effective detection of changes in body composition and hydration status compared with conventional methods, enabling individualized monitoring and facilitating interventions.
Association of a Lifestyle Risk Index With Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the German National Cohort (NAKO).
A combination of lifestyle factors appears to be associated with lower VAT volume, but an elevated BMI may have a greater influence on VAT accumulation than lifestyle behaviors alone.
Exploratory association of muscle and adipose tissue indices with clinical outcomes in aggressive lymphomas.
In this exploratory analysis of older patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, body composition on baseline CT was associated with overall survival and toxicity, underscoring imaging's potential for risk stratification.
Orthostatic tolerance and training methodology in physically active men and women.
Among recreationally active adults, training methodology does not appear to modify orthostatic tolerance, though body composition and anthropometrics are related to orthostatic tolerance, highlighting the importance of maintaining lean mass regardless of training methodology.
Sex-specific associations of anthropometric markers with prediabetes in the general population.
Associations between body composition markers and OGTT parameters differ between men and women, with visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content most strongly associated in women, waist-to-height ratio most strongly associated in men, and a tendency of stronger associations in men than in women overall.
Association between ultra-processed foods intake and frailty risk in community-dwelling older adults.
Higher ultra-processed food intake was significantly associated with higher odds of frailty (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.13-4.09) and exhaustion among community-dwelling older adults, especially among men.
Expert Consensus on Weight Management Strategies for Strength and Physique Athletes Before and After Competition.
Expert consensus via a 3-round Delphi survey of 15 international bodybuilding and powerlifting experts reached agreement on 75 of 96 statements regarding weight management strategies, with the 21 statements failing consensus pertaining to refeeding strategies for postcompetition recovery.
Body Composition in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Preoperative Sarcopenia: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.
Preoperative sarcopenia in early-stage NSCLC involves multicompartment depletion accompanied by cellular dysfunction and metabolic impairment, exhibiting distinct sex-specific phenotypes, with ASM, BFM, and BMR identified as independent factors associated with sarcopenia.
Visceral Adiposity Index Is Associated With Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Improves Risk Prediction: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
There is a positive association between VAI and CMM risk that is independent of established risk factors and consistent with a linear dose-response pattern, and the VAI provides significant improvement in CMM risk prediction beyond established risk factors.
Muscle mass, not fat mass, predicts vertebral fracture risk: Vietnam osteoporosis study.
In Vietnamese adults, extremes of muscle mass (low and high), rather than fat mass, are associated with higher vertebral fracture risk, demonstrating a U-shaped relationship between muscle mass indices and vertebral fracture.
Metabolomic insights into associations between adiposity markers and liver cancer risk: Results from a prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis.
Integrating prospective observational and genetic evidence, this study identified specific metabolic mediators linking adiposity to liver cancer, particularly involving amino acid, lipid and energy metabolism, with pyroglutamic acid demonstrating the most robust consistency across seven anthropometric measurements.
Skeletal muscle mass associates with pancreaticoduodenectomy operative time in a sex-dependent manner.
Skeletal muscle mass was associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy operative time in a sex-dependent manner, whereby increased operative time was associated with greater skeletal muscle mass for females but lower skeletal muscle mass for males, while adipose tissue was not associated with operative time.
Dietary Behavior Clustering and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in a Large Population Cohort.
Dietary behavior clustering identified four eating profiles (structured, social, irregular, and disordered) that are associated with body composition and cardioprotective food preferences, suggesting behavioral assessment could refine identification of cardiometabolic risk and personalize nutrition.
Liking for and valence of sugar-and-fat mixtures are heightened in weight-reduced individuals relative to individuals not weight-reduced.
Liking for sugar-sweetened fat-and-sugar mixtures was heightened in weight-reduced individuals compared to non-weight-reduced individuals matched for body composition, suggesting hedonic adaptations may contribute to challenges of long-term weight loss maintenance.
Emotional and Uncontrolled Eating Mediate the Well-Being-Adiposity Relationship in Women but Not in Men.
Emotional and uncontrolled eating mediated the relationship between well-being and adiposity only in women, underscoring the importance of incorporating sex- and gender-sensitive approaches in obesity prevention and treatment.
Comprehensive evaluation of appendicular lean mass and sarcopenia on human health: evidence from the NHANES program.
In a large-scale study of 46,733 NHANES participants, appendicular lean mass demonstrated significant associations with multiple health outcomes including L-shaped relationships with hyperuricemia and malignancy, inverse correlations with asthma, COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, nephrolithiasis, depression, and cancer-cause mortality, a positive correlation with bone mineral density, and protective saturating effects against osteoarthritis, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular-cause mortality.
The effects of whey protein supplementation on athletic performance and body composition in adolescent soccer players: a randomized controlled trial.
Whey protein supplementation during the competitive season in adolescent athletes improved V̇O2max compared to control, but did not lead to improvements in sprint performance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition compared to control.
Dietary Patterns and Lifestyle Factors as Determinants of Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Individuals with Down Syndrome-A Study Across Three Clinical Sites.
Higher BMIs in individuals with Down Syndrome were significantly associated with older age, lower physical activity, higher parental BMIs, and increased adiposity indicators, while excess body weight showed an inverse association only with protein intake, with notable differences in dietary patterns observed among three countries reflecting cultural influences.
Metabolic score for visceral fat profiles and incident cardiovascular disease in adults with CKM syndrome stages 0-3: a CHARLS longitudinal study.
METS-VF profiles are independently associated with incident CVD in CKM syndrome stages 0-3, more strongly in late stages, with eGDR mediating 65.38% of baseline and 56.72% of cumulative effects, supporting the 'obesity-metabolism-vascular' axis.
Correlation of knee joint laxity with bioimpedance parameters and bone frame size.
Knee joint laxity was found to be greater in women, individuals with smaller bone frame size, and those with higher body fat percentage, while laxity was lower in individuals with higher physical activity levels, suggesting that strengthening musculature and physical activity are essential for ligamentary injury prevention.
The association between body fatness and prevalent MGUS in the U.S. general population.
Body fat percentage measured by DXA was associated with increased odds of MGUS, while commonly used obesity markers including BMI did not show statistically significant associations, indicating that 'many obesity markers, including the commonly used BMI, do not adequately capture this association.'
Plasma lactate and its association with adiposity and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk.
Increased adiposity is a predictor of increased lactate, which in turn is associated with worsened cardiometabolic risk factors including insulin resistance, suggesting lactate may serve as a valuable biomarker of heightened cardiometabolic risk.
Study protocol for a 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial on lifestyle intervention in pregnancy: assessing long-term effects on body composition, metabolic traits, and mental health in mothers and offspring.
This paper describes a protocol for a 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial assessing the long-term effects of lifestyle intervention during pregnancy on body composition, metabolic traits, and mental health in mothers and their offspring.
PBMC proteome is altered in children with high body fat percentage.
PBMC proteome analysis in children identified 148 proteins with abundance significantly associated with body fat percentage, including protein CutA, GTPase-active proteins, and mitochondrial proteins, with these obesity-associated changes better explained by body fat percentage than by height- and weight-based metrics alone.
Influence of weight perception on the evolution of body composition of adolescents under obesity treatment.
Accurate perception of body weight changes may influence positively body composition in adolescents with obesity, while inaccurate and lack of perception of weight change is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition.
Soy Protein-Based Infant Formula Feeding Association with Adolescent Growth, Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Health, and Pubertal Development in Comparison with Cow's Milk-Based Infant Formula and Human Milk Feeding.
Soy protein-based infant formula feeding during infancy was associated with similar growth, body composition, cardiometabolic health, and puberty outcomes at age 14 years as cow's milk-based infant formula and human milk feeding.
Central Adiposity, Rather Than in Utero Exposure to Maternal Obesity or Gestational Diabetes, Predicts Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children Aged 4-10 Years.
Central adiposity—indexed by waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio—rather than in utero exposure to maternal obesity or gestational diabetes, is the primary driver of cardiometabolic risk in children aged 4–10 years.
Cow's milk protein allergy damages not only the baby's health but also the mother's health.
The metabolic health of breastfeeding mothers who follow an elimination diet for CMPA is affected even with dietician support.
Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation in Weight Loss Interventions for Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review.
Whey protein supplementation may support fat-free mass preservation during weight loss in adults with obesity, particularly as part of a multimodal intervention, but certainty of evidence was frequently downgraded due to methodological limitations.
Impact of oral nutritional support adherence on muscle strength, body composition, and general health status in gastrointestinal cancer patients: ONMUS study.
Sustained ONS adherence improved muscle strength, body composition, and overall health in GIS cancer patients, while non-adherence was associated with significant declines in body weight, BMI, and anthropometric measures.
A 24-Month Prospective Study of the Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Glucose Homeostasis in Youth.
Improvements in glucose homeostasis occur mostly in the first year following sleeve gastrectomy in youth, with subsequent stabilization of these measures over 24 months.
Reassessing prognostic markers in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: the enduring value of body composition, nutritional, and inflammatory indices.
Several indices reflecting body composition, nutritional status, and systemic inflammation remain valuable prognostic markers in patients with mRCC receiving ICI-based first-line therapy.
Impact of maternal fasting blood glucose in pregnancy on body composition, anthropometric, and metabolic outcomes in newborns and 3-Year-Old offspring: results from the lifestyle in pregnancy and offspring study.
Maternal hyperglycemia was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes but not with offspring adiposity at 3 years, with glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L predicting higher birth weight and increased large-for-gestational-age risk and glucose ≥5.3 mmol/L predicting higher cord c-peptide.
Evaluating Army Combat Fitness Test Scores: The Influence of Sleep, Nutrition, and Body Composition in Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets.
PSQI was a significant negative predictor of ACFT scores (β = -0.42, p = 0.007), and cadets scoring ≥540 on the ACFT demonstrated significantly better sleep quality and shorter sleep latency than those scoring <540, with the final regression model explaining 22.4% of variance in ACFT scores.
Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
The combination of gallic acid supplementation (200 mg/day) and physical exercise for 12 weeks promoted improvements in abdominal adiposity and body composition markers, with favorable biochemical effects in obese individuals.
Prognostic Value of Treatment-Related Body Composition Changes in Metastatic NSCLC Receiving Nivolumab.
Unfavorable changes in skeletal muscle index (ΔSMI; HR 3.39) and subcutaneous fat radiodensity (ΔSFD; HR 2.45) during nivolumab treatment more strongly predict overall survival than baseline body composition measurements in metastatic NSCLC patients.
The association between body water compartments and muscle mechanical properties: A correlational study using bioimpedance and myotonometry.
In healthy young adults, resting mechanical properties of lower limb muscles are significantly associated not only with total body water but, more importantly, with its compartmental distribution, with higher ICW corresponding to greater muscle tone and stiffness, whereas a high ECW proportion is linked to lower values.
Evaluation of Anthropometric Measurements, Arterial Stiffness and ECG Parameters in Alopecia Areata Patients.
AA patients demonstrated lower heart rate and disease-severity-related alterations in body composition compared to controls and mild AA patients, although the clinical significance of these findings remains uncertain.
The effect of continuous or intermittent calorie-restricted diet on body composition and resting energy expenditure in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Both continuous calorie-restricted and intermittent calorie-restricted diets improved body composition after three months in individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity, without excessive fat-free mass loss, with a lower dropout rate in ICR suggesting greater feasibility.
Distinct body fat distribution and its association with metabolic syndrome in Tibetan population.
Tibetans showed distinct trunk and total fat mass compared to other ethnic/racial groups, with trunk fat percentage identified as a risk factor for MetS, mediated by triglycerides to total lipids ratio in LDL3 and triglycerides to HDL cholesterol ratio.
Changes in body water distribution and phase angle following rapid ascent to 3,680 m and their association with acute mountain sickness: a prospective cohort study.
After rapid ascent to 3,680 m, body water shifted into cells and phase angle decreased significantly, with ΔPhA serving as an independent predictor of AMS severity as assessed by the Lake Louise Score System.
The association between body fat distribution and osteosarcopenia in older adults: evidence from the PoCOsteo study.
Osteosarcopenia and its components (osteoporosis and sarcopenia) are inversely associated with BMI and fat mass, particularly in the trunk and android regions.
Comparing bedside and CT-derived muscle mass assessment methodologies at intensive care unit admission: A critical step towards bedside detection of reduced muscle mass.
At ICU admission, correlations between bedside methods and L3 CT-derived muscle mass were low to moderate, and cut-off values were derived to detect reduced skeletal muscle mass upon ICU admission, though further validation is required before clinical implementation.