Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
[Relationship between semen quality and anthropometric parameters in males].
There is a statistically significant positive association between seminal volume and hip circumference (p=0.027), but no association was found between other anthropometric parameters and seminal quality.
Evaluation of the PREVENT risk assessment tool and visceral adiposity: Insights from the UK Biobank.
MRI-derived visceral adiposity is associated with increased risk of ASCVD, HF, and total CVD, and while VAT did not improve overall discrimination of the PREVENT model, it significantly enhanced reclassification, particularly for HF risk.
Impact of booster breaks and computer prompts on sedentary time, body composition, stress perception, and occupational pain in desk-based workers: A quasi-experimental study - The UP project.
Both Booster Breaks and Computer Prompts positively influenced body composition in desk-based workers, with Computer Prompts reducing android fat mass and Booster Breaks increasing lean and muscle mass, but neither intervention affected sedentary time, stress, or occupational pain.
Unhealthy and Unequal: Socioeconomic Vulnerability Shapes Dietary Quality in Children and Adolescents from Spain.
Socioeconomically vulnerable children and adolescents in Spain showed higher prevalence of food insecurity, less favorable body composition indicators, and lower global dietary quality characterized by lower adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Error reduction as a calibration strategy for body composition measurements: A comparison between bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorption.
Calibration through percentile alignment and ordinary least squares regression led to notable improvements in agreement between BIA and DEXA measurements, offering a practical strategy to enhance the accuracy of BIA-based assessments in clinical and research contexts.
Once and thrice weekly interval training in adults with central obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
HIIT performed once- or thrice-weekly is safe and reduces fat mass in adults with overweight and central obesity, with both frequencies producing similar reductions compared to control.
Skeletal muscle adiposity and cognitive decline in a biracial cohort: Insights from coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.
Greater abdominal myosteatosis (intermuscular adipose tissue) predicted steeper 5-year decline in psychomotor speed (DSST) overall, with this association significant only among White participants but not Black participants, suggesting ethnicity may modify links between myosteatosis and cognitive decline.
Association between SARC-F as a self-report screening tool for sarcopenia and muscle strength, physical performance, daily activity, patient-reported outcomes and body composition in patients with spondyloarthritis.
SARC-F was significantly associated with disease activity, muscle strength and physical performance in spondyloarthritis patients, but showed limited ability to identify DXA-defined sarcopenia with moderate specificity (76%) and low sensitivity (50%).
Association of triglyceride-glucose related indices with cardiovascular diseases in individuals with low handgrip strength: a prospective cohort study of UK biobank.
Elevated TyG-related indices independently predict increased CVD and CHD incidence in individuals with low handgrip strength, with adjusted HRs of 1.08–1.15 per 1-SD increase, mediated through dyslipidemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Circulating short- and medium-chain fatty acids in pregnancy and associations with maternal and infant metabolism, inflammation, and body composition.
Third-trimester circulating SCFAs were associated with maternal metabolic-inflammatory pathways, with higher butyric, caproic, propionic, isobutyric, and isovaleric acids linked to a lower maternal metabolic-inflammatory index, but minimal downstream infant effects were observed.
Can regional phase angle reflect changes in physical fitness and body composition from late childhood to adolescence? A cohort study.
Increases in regional phase angle were mainly related to gains in strength, power, and lean mass, indicating that PhA captures aspects of muscle function and composition, though its use for diagnostic or decision-making purposes remains to be clarified.
Life-course body shape trajectories and cerebral oxygen metabolism in community-dwelling older adults.
Greater and prolonged adiposity is linked to reduced cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂) and related structural differences in older adults, with CMRO₂ mediating the association between BMI and medial temporal atrophy among participants aged 70 years.
Impact of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor on Muscle Composition in Cystic Fibrosis: An AI-Assisted Chest CT-Based Body Composition Analysis.
Adult people with cystic fibrosis undergoing ETI therapy experience significant changes in body composition, including increased muscle mass and myosteatosis, with trends in the development of sarcopenic obesity observed particularly in female pwCF.
Peri-renal and renal sinus fat accumulation and diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: A Japanese cohort study.
Renal sinus fat volume index (RSFVI) had the best predictive value for diabetic kidney disease among all adiposity indices (AUC=0.769) and higher RSFVI tertiles were significantly associated with DKD risk (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.14-3.39), demonstrating that local renal fat provides incremental predictive value independent of conventional DKD risk variables.
Measuring muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue: agreement and reliability between dietetic-led ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.
In healthy participants, ultrasound measures of muscle and subcutaneous adipose thickness had a high level of agreement compared with MRI measures, highlighting the potential to use ultrasound for body composition assessment in clinical practice and research.
Small extracellular vesicle-mediated adipocyte-cardiomyocyte crosstalk exacerbates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
VAT-derived small extracellular vesicles containing miR-295-3p exacerbate HFpEF by impairing cardiac autophagy through binding to Ulk1 mRNA, unveiling a mechanism whereby obesity promotes HFpEF progression via VAT-heart crosstalk.
Associations between indices of body composition and metabolic status in normal-weight adults: a cross-sectional study of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
WHR was the strongest predictor of metabolically unhealthy normal weight status, highlighting its value for identifying at-risk individuals where advanced body composition tools are unavailable.
Short-Term In-Season Strength Training With Functional Electromechanical Devices Versus Pulley-Based Systems: Performance and Body-Composition Outcomes in Handball Players.
Both FEMD and FWPB strength-training methods improved neuromuscular performance and body composition in handball players during the competitive season, with no clear superiority of either modality.
Pediatric reference charts of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition measures.
Age-based reference charts and height-based distribution charts for DXA-derived body composition measures were created for a Europe-based, diverse pediatric population aged 5-20 years, showing sex differences most pronounced for fat and lean soft tissue mass, with ethnic differences in FMI and LMI, and lower FMI and LMI average reference values compared to North American and Swiss cohorts.
Explainable machine learning framework using visceral adiposity index to predict cardiorenal syndrome: a survey-weighted NHANES study with SHAP interpretation.
Elevated visceral adiposity index (VAI) is independently associated with an increased risk of cardiorenal syndrome, with XGBoost-based machine learning identifying age, VAI, and hypertension as the three most important predictive features in a nationally representative NHANES population.
Predictive health index: integrating body composition and heart rate variability metrics with artificial intelligence to predict chronic disease risk and specific chronic non-communicable diseases.
A Predictive Health Index (PHI) integrating body composition and heart rate variability metrics with a random forest machine learning algorithm demonstrated highly significant (p-value < 0.0001) predictive performance in distinguishing healthy subjects from those at high risk of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle and its Relationship with Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters in Hospitalized Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study.
Phase angle can be a complementary marker of cellular health and nutritional recovery in SAM children, with higher values associated with younger age (12-23 months), higher weight-for-height Z-score, and lower BMI-Z score, though standardized reference values are needed for routine clinical use.
Weight, body composition and quality of life changes in a Hungarian community-based body weight management program: an observational cohort analysis.
Participation in a nine-month community-based body weight management program was associated with a marked and durable improvement in quality of life, which was maintained up to 33 months of follow-up.
Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Vitamin Intake Adequacy in Spanish University Students: Associations with Body Composition and Physical Activity.
Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet among university students was associated with healthier body composition and improved vitamin intake adequacy, supporting promotion of the MD as an effective nutritional strategy to enhance micronutrient intake and overall diet quality in young adults.
Sarcopenia as an independent prognostic marker in liposarcoma: A longitudinal analysis of body composition and survival.
Baseline sarcopenia and progressive SMI loss are independent predictors of survival in liposarcoma patients, with CT-morphometric parameters deteriorating substantially during the disease course.
Contribution of genetic and environmental factors to obesity indices and their overlap.
The high correlation between the majority of obesity indices implies their redundancy, whereas ABSI and HI were relatively independent of BMI and other indices and showed the greatest influence from individual-specific environmental factors, suggesting their potential utility as complementary tools in epidemiological research, clinical risk prediction, and monitoring of targeted interventions.
Pre-transplant physical performance, muscle quality, and body composition as predictors of post-liver transplant outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.
Pre-transplant muscle function and quality, assessed via handgrip strength, lean body mass to fat mass ratio, 6-minute walk distance, and skeletal muscle indices, were associated with post-liver transplant mortality and hospital length of stay, indicating that sarcopenia is a strong predictor of liver transplant prognosis.
Associations between white matter lesions, adiposity, and systemic inflammation in late adulthood: Results from the IGNITE study.
Both higher relative visceral adipose tissue and relative abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were associated with greater white matter lesion volume in older adults, and these relationships were statistically mediated by IL-6 and TNF-α, suggesting elevated systemic inflammation as a mechanistic pathway linking adiposity to white matter burden.
Comparison of linear and undulating periodization resistance training on athletic capacities and health promotion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
LP and UP demonstrated similar effects on enhancing athletic capacity, improving body composition, and regulating blood glucose and insulin resistance, though UP was superior to LP in improving body composition among obese individuals and attaining short-term weight loss goals.
Twenty-Four-Month rhGH Intervention: Insights into Redox Regulation, Vascular Biomarkers, and Body Composition in Adult GHD Patients.
A 24-month course of rhGH therapy improves redox balance, vascular function, and body composition in adults with severe GHD, supporting the use of redox and vascular biomarkers to monitor treatment efficacy.
Comprehensive effects of aerobic training and dietary intervention on anthropometric and body composition parameters in obese adolescents.
Aerobic exercise combined with dietary intervention produced significantly greater reductions in adiposity and more pronounced improvements in cardiopulmonary and physical performance compared to aerobic exercise alone in obese adolescents over 12 weeks.
Adiposity and the first-onset of diagnosed mental illnesses: a population-based cohort study of 10 million UK adults.
Individuals with severe obesity and underweight had increased risk of common and serious mental illnesses, especially in women, younger individuals, and Asian populations, with associations not mediated by cardiometabolic diseases but partially by biomarkers.
Psychological and lifestyle correlates of eating behavior and adiposity: Structural and latent profile modeling.
Cognitive-emotional vulnerabilities are associated with eating dysregulation and adiposity, but emotion regulation plays a selective and modest mediating role limited to dietary restraint, while lifestyle behaviors contribute independently to adiposity alongside psychological pathways.
Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Outperforms Traditional Anthropometric Indices in Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.
CVAI was more strongly and consistently associated with the risk of incident CVD and demonstrated promising potential in predicting CVD events, particularly among females, outperforming traditional anthropometric indices in a prospective cohort of 35,551 Chinese individuals.
Effects of Greek Yogurt Supplementation and Exercise on Markers of Bone Turnover and Inflammation in Older Adult Exercisers: An 8-Week Pilot Intervention Trial.
Although the observed effects of Greek yogurt on assessed biomarkers were limited and should be interpreted cautiously due to pilot design and statistical constraints, they highlight the need for longer interventions to determine whether whole-food dairy proteins can meaningfully support skeletal and immune health in older adults.
Prognostic value of adiposity indices in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation: the prospective Murcia AF Project III cohort.
In anticoagulated patients with AF, the conicity index demonstrated the strongest and consistent prognostic value among all adiposity indices, and its integration into conventional risk scores may enhance risk stratification in this high-risk population.
Visceral Adiposity and Inflammation Index as Predictors of Stroke Risk in Middle and Older Age: A Cohort Study Across Blood Pressure Groups.
VAII showed a significant nonlinear relationship with stroke risk, with Q4 showing more than twice the risk of Q1, and associations were evident in elevated BP and hypertension groups but not in normal BP, with stronger associations in women and adults aged 40-60 years.
Relation Between Adiposity Measures and the Risk of a Composite of Cardiovascular Events, Diabetes, and Cancer in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.
In patients with cardiovascular disease, waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue are most strongly related to the risk of a composite outcome of recurrent cardiovascular events, incident type 2 diabetes, and incident cancer, as well as to all-cause mortality.
Testosterone and Long-Pulse-Width Stimulation (TLPS) on Denervated Muscles and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors After Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Randomized Trial.
Six months of combined testosterone treatment and long pulse width stimulation demonstrated increases in rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area and downregulation of muscle atrophy genes in persons with spinal cord injury and lower motor neuron injury, though effects on muscle size were modest between groups.
Adaptive thermogenesis in response to weight loss and weight regain: first evidence in adolescents with severe obesity.
These preliminary results suggest the existence of adaptive thermogenesis in response to weight loss in adolescents with obesity, independently of the degree of weight loss, and adaptive thermogenesis was associated with subsequent body weight and fat regain.
Exploring potential predictors of low muscle mass and muscle loss in adults with cancer: A scoping review.
This scoping review identified 13 factors consistently associated with CT-defined muscle loss in adults with cancer, including age, BMI, performance status, muscle strength, physical function, arm and leg circumference, body weight, body fat, weight loss, fatigue, energy or protein intake, and physical inactivity, which may help identify patients requiring further assessment and timely referral for evidence-based interventions.
Mediterranean diet adherence and tirzepatide: real-world evidence on adiposity indices and insulin resistance beyond weight loss.
Tirzepatide significantly reduced adiposity indices and improved glucometabolic profiles over 3 months, and higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower insulin levels, improved HOMA index, and greater reductions in visceral adiposity index, even after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI.
3D Body Composition and Artificial Intelligence-A Novel Tool to Assess Sarcopenia and Predict Postoperative Outcomes in Emergency Abdominal Surgery.
Sarcopenia measured using AI-derived 3D body composition from multiple CT slices predicted adverse postoperative outcomes including longer length of stay and ICU admission in emergency abdominal surgery patients, though it was not associated with major complications or worse discharge status.
Nutritional deficiencies among adults with beta thalassemia major in Vietnam.
This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the nutritional status of beta thalassemia major patients in Vietnam, revealing critical gaps in energy and nutrient intake, with 50.5% of patients underweight and average daily energy intake significantly below estimated requirements.
Metabolic and Orexin-A Responses to Ketogenic Diet and Intermittent Fasting: A 12-Month Randomized Trial in Adults with Obesity.
The ketogenic diet produced the most pronounced long-term metabolic improvements while 16:8 time-restricted eating yielded faster early responses and the most stable enhancement in Orexin-A levels, indicating distinct metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptation profiles across dietary strategies.
Who stays for the after party? Examining predictors of exercise engagement during and after an 8-week gym-based body composition challenge.
While a gym-based body composition challenge temporarily increased class attendance for all participants, these increases were generally not sustained after the challenge, though declines were attenuated by higher enjoyment motives.
Validity of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) and its associations with cardiometabolic health and body composition in adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.
IFIS shows evidence of criterion validity via graded association with 6MWT performance and construct validity via significant associations with cardiometabolic and body composition outcomes in adults with T2DM, though its ability to discriminate impaired functional capacity was limited.
A Case Series on Combining Modified Mediterranean Diet and Ketogenic Diet in a "Sandwich" Approach for Patients with Lipedema and Comorbidities.
In patients suffering from lipedema with associated comorbidities and concomitant pharmacological treatments, the use of MMed as first line treatment allows achievement of better metabolic balance, greater compliance, and improved body composition.
Gain of visceral adipose tissue rather than low skeletal muscle mass is associated with overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases; results from the NewEPOC study.
Gain of visceral adipose tissue (>2% VAT-index over 12 weeks) was independently associated with worse overall survival in colorectal liver metastases patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while sarcopenia and skeletal muscle loss were not associated with survival.
Relationship between degree of central adiposity, inflammatory status and risk of sarcopenia in obese children.
Central adiposity measured by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a key independent predictor of sarcopenia in obese children, with significant associations observed with reduced muscle mass and strength, and elevated CRP levels further underscoring the role of systemic inflammation.