Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Associations between vitamin D2 and metabolic indices in institutionalized older adults -a cross-sectional study.
Significant associations between VD2 and energy-regulating hormones suggest a potential physiological role for VD2 in metabolic homeostasis, particularly among individuals with preserved insulin sensitivity.
Effects of a 12-Week Calisthenics Exercise Program on Physical Fitness in Adults With Obesity.
A 12-week calisthenics exercise program produced substantial improvements in body composition, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, and muscular strength in adults with obesity compared to a control group.
Oxytocin, Weight Loss and Ketosis in Response to a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: An Exploratory Study.
Weight loss obtained with a VLCKD reduces OT levels in patients with excess weight, and baseline OT predicts weight loss and correlates with ketone body levels during a VLCKD.
The MetaboHealth Score Enhances Insulin Resistance Metabotyping for Targeted Fat Loss: The PERSON Study.
Combining IR metabotype with MetaboHealth score may enhance personalized dietary strategies for fat loss in insulin-resistant adults, with matched diets leading to greater fat loss in the healthiest MetaboHealth tertile but both diets being similarly effective in the poorest tertile.
A standardized educational intervention ameliorates deleterious effects of mandatory service on lifestyle habits in Austrian conscripts: a cluster-randomized trial.
A standardized educational lifestyle intervention in Austrian conscripts ameliorated deleterious effects of mandatory service on body composition and dietary habits, demonstrating 'for the first time' the effectiveness of such an intervention in a mandatory military service setting.
Beyond vectorial bioelectrical impedance: Assessing body composition changes with novel electrical parameters in obese osteoarthritis patients on a meal-replacement diet.
The new interpretation of BIVA as nutrition parameter (NP) and hydration parameter (HP) have a high correlation with body composition parameters estimated by regression models, and they report changes in body composition after a partial meal-replacement diet such as regression equations.
Association of insulin resistance with visual decline in older individuals without diabetes: a cross-sectional mediation analysis.
Vision decline was associated with insulin resistance in older women without diabetes, with body fat mass and body fat percentage statistically accounting for a significant part of this association.
Association between body roundness index and frailty in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999 to 2018.
Elevated body roundness index (BRI), reflecting central obesity, is independently associated with increased frailty risk in COPD patients, with each unit rise in BRI elevating frailty odds by 14%.
Effects of combined exercise training for adults with resistant major depression: a pilot study from the TRACE-RMD project.
A supervised combined exercise program in people with resistant major depression may induce positive and beneficial changes in functionality and clinical and quality of life variables, and maintain body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and the biochemical profile.
Exposure to Food Additives, Dietary Indicators, and Adiposity in Chilean Preschool Children.
Chilean preschoolers are highly exposed to food additives, with distinct consumption patterns linked to poorer diet quality and higher BMI, highlighting a need for monitoring and regulatory efforts to reduce unnecessary additive exposure during childhood.
A Mediterranean lifestyle obesity prevention intervention in preschoolers at risk: MELI-POP Study-a randomized controlled trial.
A Mediterranean lifestyle intervention including diet and physical activity may benefit body composition changes in preschool girls at risk of obesity, with significant reductions in BMI (-0.68 kg/m2) and BMI z-score (-0.34) compared with the control group, but no significant effects were observed in boys or in cardiovascular risk factors.
Relationships between perivascular adipose tissue and vascular wall remodeling: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Our results demonstrate the association between PVAT and vascular wall remodeling, emphasizing the need for early detection of dysfunctional PVAT as the contributor to higher cardiovascular risk, not only in patients with risk factors and cardiovascular diseases, but also in healthy individuals.
Hormonal Modulation of Fat Mass Induced Insulin Resistance.
BMI is a proxy for hormonal variations, particularly in leptin and GIP, which more strongly predict insulin sensitivity than BMI alone, with each unit increase in BMI linked to approximately a 2% decline in HOMA-S and a 1% rise in HOMA-B.
Nutritional status and taste impairment in adult patients with multiple sclerosis and dysphagia. A pilot study.
Patients with MS and dysphagia exhibit a high prevalence of overweight, inadequate dietary intake, and taste alterations, highlighting the need for comprehensive, multidisciplinary interventions involving speech therapy and nutritional support.
Fat-Free Mass Predictions From Anthropometrics in South African Prepubertal Children.
Fat-free mass of prepubertal children can be predicted using simple anthropometric measurements, allowing assessment of body composition in low-resource settings.
Reduced strength is associated with abnormal body composition in children with a history of intestinal failure.
Children with intestinal failure, both on enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition, are weaker than healthy literature controls, and decreased strength was associated with lower fat-free mass, with this relationship stronger in males than in females.
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and prealbumin (PA) serum concentration and bioimpedance parameters as selected markers of nutritional status in children with nephrotic syndrome.
RBP4 and PA serum concentrations and bioimpedance-based body composition parameters do not indicate differences between children with remission of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and their healthy peers, suggesting that successful induction and maintenance of NS remission restores the assessed aspects of nutritional status.
Epidemiology and Natural History of Preclinical and Clinical Obesity: Insights From a UK Cohort.
In a large UK cohort, preclinical and clinical obesity were common, but the risk for incident CVD was elevated for those with clinical obesity.
Preliminary evaluation of oxyntomodulin as a biomarker for metabolic risk stratification in adults with obesity.
Fasting oxyntomodulin levels were significantly elevated in obese compared to overweight and control individuals, and higher OXM was associated with increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and related metabolic complications, providing preliminary evidence that OXM constitutes a potential biomarker of visceral adiposity and early metabolic dysregulation.
Negative and Nonlinear Association Between Particulate Matter and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Children and Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Adiposity.
There is a negative and nonlinear association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and cardiorespiratory fitness among children and adolescents, and this association may be partially explained by adiposity.
Cardiorespiratory fitness of healthy Polish men and women with various somatotypes.
Somatotype significantly differentiates anthropometric parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, with mesomorphy favouring higher aerobic capacity and endomorphy associated with less favourable blood pressure values and lower VO₂max.
The Relationship Between Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Parameters and Laboratory Biomarkers in an Elderly Polish Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study.
In older adults, nutritional risk is characterized by sarcopenia and fluid shifts rather than low adiposity, and BIA parameters especially phase angle correlate strongly with key micronutrients, suggesting a potential role in complementary geriatric assessment.
The association between weight-adjusted waist index and physical fitness index among Chinese adolescents.
The association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and physical fitness index (PFI) among Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years was characterized by an inverted 'U' curve, with both lower and higher WWI negatively affecting physical fitness.
Correlation between Diet and Training: Impact on Blood ALT and γ-GTP Levels in Heavyweight Male Athletes.
Positive correlations were found among weight, carbohydrate intake and energy ratio, ALT levels, and γ-GTP levels in heavyweight athletes, suggesting that dietary adjustments may be necessary alongside traditional approaches to address decreased liver function.
Dynamic conversion and associated risk factors between mutually exclusive muscle health states in geriatric population.
Dynapenia and presarcopenia, mutually exclusive muscle health conditions, are associated with different muscle health transitions, with presarcopenia carrying higher risk of progression to sarcopenia and dynapenia carrying higher likelihood of recovery to robust status.
Polyphenol Consumption and Its Association with Physical and Mental Health in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder.
Polyphenols act both directly and mediate the effects of other factors on the health status of individuals with MDD, with associations varying by sex, body composition, and metabolic parameters.
Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Cytokine Profiles in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Potential Pathophysiological Link.
Sarcopenia in CKD-CHF patients represents a systemic immunometabolic disorder characterized by altered body composition, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated SCFA signaling, with hexanoic acid (C6) and IL-8 serving as informative biomarkers of muscle decline.
U-shaped relationship between body roundness index and osteoarthritis risk among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional analysis.
A significant U-shaped relationship was observed between body roundness index (BRI) and osteoarthritis risk, with both low and high BRI values associated with increased risk, particularly among women and ethnic minority populations.
Personalized Glycemic Responses in Non-diabetic Adults: Challenging the Glycemic Index Paradigm.
Half of non-diabetic adults showed postprandial glycemic responses that deviated from glycemic index predictions, with cluster analysis revealing a critical connection between body composition and glycemic control.
Automated 3D body composition analysis on chest CT scans for survival prediction in high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas.
Higher volumes of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by automated 3D body composition analysis on staging chest CT scans were associated with worse survival outcomes in patients with high-grade extremity soft tissue sarcomas.
Feasibility and Accuracy of Body-Fat Assessment Using Standardized Skinfold-Thickness Assessment Versus Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Paralympic Athletes.
DXA is feasible for body composition assessment in Paralympic athletes, while skinfold-based prediction equations show strong correlations but substantial negative bias (-2.0% to -7.9%) and large individual error compared to DXA, leading to a recommendation to use a cumulative 'sum of feasible sites' approach.
The Impact of Nutritional Status on Survival and Development of Sarcoidosis: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence and Research Gaps.
Current evidence suggests that nutritional status—particularly excess body weight—and selected metabolic and immunonutritional factors are associated with sarcoidosis, but findings should be interpreted as association mapping and hypothesis generation rather than as evidence of causality.
Prevalence of Emotional Eating and Its Relationship with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indicators in University Students.
Emotional eating is highly prevalent among Mexican university students and is independently associated with increased adiposity in both sexes and with altered lipid profiles in women.
Novel Anthropometric Indices and Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake in the Older Polish Population.
Three distinct nutritional risk clusters were identified among older Polish adults, where BRI combined with dietary indicators effectively distinguishes nutritional risk profiles, with low BRI indicating undernutrition risk in advanced age and high BRI with low nutrient adequacy suggesting poor diet quality.
Intermittent Fasting May Enhance Resistance Training Effects on the Body Composition of Obese Males, Without Affecting Muscular Strength and Anabolic Index.
Intermittent fasting may enhance the efficacy of resistance training in obese males and is unlikely to have any detrimental effects on muscular strength or the anabolic index.
Vitamin D, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk: Insights from a multivariable cross-sectional study.
Vitamin D levels showed no significant correlation with most metabolic variables in univariate or multivariate analysis, but PCA revealed that vitamin D and BMI were represented as opposing vectors, suggesting distinct but potentially interacting influences on cardiometabolic risk.
Stage-Dependent Metabolic Responses to Oral Nutritional Supplementation in Cancer Cachexia: A Single-Arm Pilot Study.
This single-arm pilot study showed the feasibility of integrating oral nutritional supplementation with multi-omics profiling in cancer cachexia, finding that metabolic alterations—particularly in fatty acid metabolism—differed by cachexia severity and might precede clinically detectable changes, potentially providing a rationale for early intervention.
[Association between thyroid hormone levels and body mass index, waist circumference and body composition in older adults aged 65 years and above in 18 longevity areas in China].
In older adults aged ≥65 years in 18 longevity areas in China, FT3 level was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, and body composition, while FT4 level was negatively correlated with muscle mass.
Physical Fitness and Physical Function in Patients With Fabry Disease: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study.
Classic FD phenotype, particularly in males, was associated with reduced exercise capacity, muscle mass and physical performance, supporting the integration of cardiopulmonary exercise testing, physical functional assessments and body composition analysis into the routine evaluation of FD patients.
Physical fitness and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study among adults in Qatar.
Overall physical fitness capacity is associated with better cognitive function in Qatari adults, with the relationship between specific fitness measures and cognitive function varying by sex, with muscle strength having a stronger effect for males and body composition for females.
Efficacy and Safety of CKDB-322, a Combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Q180 and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, for Reducing Body Fat and Abdominal Adiposity in Overweight Adults.
CKDB-322, a combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Q180 and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, demonstrated statistically significant improvements in multiple adiposity-related outcomes including reductions in body fat mass, abdominal adiposity, and key anthropometric measures in overweight adults over 12 weeks.
Time-restricted eating shows a modest reduction in fat mass in resistance-trained individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Time-restricted eating may induce small reductions in BMI, body fat percentage, and fat mass in resistance-trained individuals, but given the limited number, small sample sizes, and short duration of available RCTs, these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Vulnerability and short clinical outcomes in patients on the deceased-donor kidney transplant waiting list.
Among Japanese deceased-donor kidney transplant waiting list patients, 40% had obesity, 24% had sarcopenia, and nearly 50% exhibited malnutrition, with the fat mass index/fat-free mass index ratio being the strongest predictor of death or hospitalization within 1 year.
[Effects of different aging years of Liupao tea on metabolic indexes and body composition of overweight and obese people].
Drinking Liupao tea (6 g/d for 3 months) produced significant lipid-lowering, blood pressure-reducing, and body composition improvements in overweight and obese individuals, but there was no statistically significant difference in effects between one-year and seven-year aged Liupao tea.
The impact of the Lancet Commission definition of obesity on its prevalence and implications on long-term cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic outcomes in East Asians: Observational study of two community-based cohorts.
Adoption of the Lancet Commission definition would classify a small proportion of individuals with BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 as non-obese, and people with clinical obesity identified by the revised criteria had the highest risks of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic outcomes including all-cause mortality, whereas individuals reclassified as non-obese had intermediate risks between those in pre-clinical obesity and overweight categories.
Modified cardiometabolic index outperforms conventional indices in discriminating relative muscle loss: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.
In this cross-sectional NHANES 2011-2018 analysis, higher MCMI was associated with greater odds of relative muscle loss and showed better cross-sectional discrimination than widely used metabolic indices (BMI, CMI, LAP, TyG, TyG-WC).
Expression of Serum and Exosomal microRNA-34a in Subjects with Increased Fat Mass.
miR-34a expression in serum and exosomes correlated negatively with markers of metabolic dysfunction and adiposity, with serum miR-34a levels higher than exosomal levels, suggesting its potential as a biomarker of metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance.
[Association of body mass index, waist circumference, and body composition with chronic kidney disease among elderly aged 65 years and above in longevity regions of China].
Higher BMI, waist circumference, and muscle mass are associated with increased CKD risk in older adults aged 65 years and above in longevity regions of China, and these associations differ by sex and age groups.
Implementing body composition assessment into clinical practice in patients with acute spinal cord injury- a pilot feasibility study.
The ATSCI-Nut care pathway for body composition assessment in acute spinal cord injury patients is 'a feasible and acceptable model to deliver body composition assessment despite mixed adherence to the pathway overall.'
Urine Metabolism Biomarkers Predict Preterm Infant Adiposity at Hospital Discharge.
Infant urinary amino acid and acylcarnitine concentrations varied by maternal diabetes and gestational age and were differentially related to postnatal adiposity in the preterm diabetes-exposed group, with factor 4 score (fatty acid and amino acid metabolites) associated with triceps skinfold thickness and mid arm circumference.