Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
CT-Based body composition and nutritional status as predictors of early-treatment chemotherapy-related infections and hematologic toxicity in pediatric cancer: a prospective study.
Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) independently predicted fever during early chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients, while anthropometric parameters and handgrip strength showed no significant association with toxicity outcomes.
Body Fat and Cardiometabolic Disease Burden and All-Cause Mortality in Adults With Normal Body Mass Index.
In adults with normal BMI, increases in body adiposity measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry are significantly associated with increased cardiometabolic disease burden and all-cause mortality.
Relative fat mass and cardiovascular risk in Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.
Higher relative fat mass (RFM) independently predicts incident cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults and enhances conventional risk stratification beyond Framingham risk factors.
Muscle-brain axis mechanisms linking community-based exercise to cognitive function in older adults: A five-arm randomized controlled trial.
CTC12 and SD were associated with modest cognitive gains and distinct physiological patterns potentially linked to the muscle-brain axis, which may help guide exercise choices for older adults.
The dalmatian hypertensive patients and arterial stiffness study (DALMA-HARES): Blood pressure control, body composition, and lifestyle adherence in a mediterranean population.
The Dalmatian hypertensive population is characterized by high obesity prevalence (77%), poor medication adherence (50%), and low Mediterranean diet adherence (7%), suggesting that integrating routine assessment of medication adherence, dietary patterns, and body composition with 24h-ABPM may improve hypertension control.
Effect of cluster set resistance training combined with high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in untrained young men.
Twelve weeks of both CSRT-HIIT and TRT-HIIT significantly improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in untrained young men, demonstrating that the novel CSRT-HIIT is an equally effective alternative to traditional TRT-HIIT.
Association between abdominal CT-based body composition parameters and early diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Reduced renal sinus fat density is significantly associated with early DKD in T2DM patients, demonstrating potential utility as an imaging biomarker for risk stratification.
Differential impact of COVID-19 on change in body composition in young and older individuals with diabetes in the post-COVID-19 Era.
COVID-19 containment measures in Japan were associated with continuous declines in skeletal muscle mass and differential body fat percentage changes by age and gender in individuals with diabetes, with the most significant impact observed in older males.
Association between anthropometric indices and body fat for identifying excess body fat in elementary school children: a population-based cross-sectional study.
BMI and degree of obesity are strongly associated with body fat percentage across the 85th, 90th, and 95th percentiles, and obesity classifications based on BMI as well as degree of obesity align closely with those based on body fat percentage in elementary school children.
Osteoporosis in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kazakhstan.
Osteoporosis was detected in 20.2% of women and 15.2% of men aged 60-89 in Kazakhstan, with an inverse correlation between BMI and osteoporosis prevalence confirming that excess body fat exerts a protective effect on bone health.
Changes in body composition and phase angle from diagnosis to gastrostomy, in motor neuron disease patients: a longitudinal study.
Statistically significant reductions in fat-free mass and phase angle were found from diagnosis to gastrostomy in MND patients, with FFM accounting for 72% of weight change.
Association of body composition, tumor-specific assessment, and patient demographics at diagnosis with 90-day and overall survival in esophageal cancer patients in a global population.
Reduced skeletal muscle and excess total adiposity at diagnosis were associated with increased 90-day mortality and reduced long-term survival in a large international cohort of esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy.
Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and metabolic comorbidities have an altered inflammatory state of atrial epicardial adipose tissue, which is linked to CT-attenuation.
Patients with persistent versus paroxysmal AF exhibited increased EAT neutrophils and decreased anti-inflammatory macrophages, which is reflected by CT-EAT-attenuation, while AF recurrence, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with adipocyte hypertrophy suggesting a common underlying mechanism.
Relationships between voice features and fat/lean body mass in Polish males and females.
Canonical correlation analysis revealed sex-specific relationships between voice parameters and body composition, with male pitch and formants correlating with fat-free and fat mass respectively, while female voice intensity correlated positively with fat mass and BMI measures.
Exploring body composition ratios and their relation to cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with varying body mass index categories.
Higher muscle-to-bone and soft tissue-to-bone ratios were associated with greater cardiometabolic risk factors including insulin, HOMA-IR, and TC:HDL ratio in females but not males, with obesity groups showing higher ratios than healthy weight groups.
Clinical Significance of Phase Angle for Assessing Quality of Life and Prognosis in Hemodialysis Patients.
Phase angle is independently associated with nutritional status, physical quality of life, and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients, and may serve as a practical, noninvasive biomarker for nutritional and functional assessment in clinical practice.
The role of physical exercise in enhancing Health, quality of life and joy among older adults.
A 24-week supervised sensorimotor training program in older adults yielded only one statistically significant benefit — improved walking activity — with no significant differences found for overall physical activity levels, enjoyment, or quality of life dimensions.
Association of the triglyceride glucose-Chinese visceral adiposity index with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.
Both the baseline and cumulative TyG-CVAI are independent and nonlinear predictors of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity, outperforming TyG or CVAI alone in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Deterioration in Physical Fitness and Changes in Body Composition After Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Metastatic Testicular Cancer.
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer caused significant reductions in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lean body mass, physical activity, and quality of life, most of which returned to baseline by 12 weeks after treatment completion except physical activity levels and physical functioning.
Impact of sex, age and body composition on rilpivirine and cabotegravir trough concentrations in people with HIV receiving long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy.
Sex, age and muscle mass significantly influence cabotegravir-but not rilpivirine-trough concentrations in PWH receiving LAI therapy, and therapeutic drug monitoring combined with body composition assessment may help to optimize dosing interval adjustment.
Phthalates exposure and longitudinal trajectories of body composition and regional fat distribution in children: shifting towards "apple-shaped" body and the role of physical activity.
PAEs exposure was linked to larger trajectories of fat mass, BF% and BMD, a smaller LM trajectory, and fat accumulation in the trunk and upper limbs, suggesting an 'apple-shaped' body, while physical activity helped relieve the increased BMD driven by PAEs and fat buildup in the upper body related to PAEs.
Effects of aquatic exercise on improving body composition and muscle strength in the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Aquatic exercise significantly enhanced muscle strength, flexibility, functional mobility, body fat percentage, and total cholesterol in older adults, but did not yield significant effects on body weight, BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C, or triglycerides.
Capturing metabolic syndrome: new thresholds for insulin resistance and novel body composition indices.
New cut points for insulin resistance indices (ISI-Matsuda<3.33, HOMA-IR>2.93, HOMA2-IR>1.67) were identified for patients with overweight and obesity, and the appendicular lean soft tissue-to-visceral fat area ratio (ALST:VFA) predicted metabolic syndrome status with insulin resistance mediating this relationship.
Impact of overweight and obesity on fasting insulin secretion in men and women without diabetes: effect sizes and mechanisms.
The effect of body mass on insulin secretion is continuous, more pronounced in men, driven by fat mass and waist, sustained by hyperglycaemia and by an upregulation of beta cell insulin secretion, and is only partially explained by typical hormonal and metabolic consequences of obesity.
Effects of school-based physical activity interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis using the RE-AIM framework.
School-based PA interventions significantly improve cardiorespiratory fitness in youth (SMD=0.28) but do not significantly reduce percentage of body fat, and internal validity indicators were reported more often than external validity components in the included studies.
Association of chrono-nutrition components with anthropometric measures and body composition in adults living in Tehran.
After applying Bonferroni correction, no significant association was found between chrono-nutrition components and anthropometric measures and body composition in adults living in Tehran.
Comparing body composition techniques against an adapted multicompartment model in individuals with excess body weight.
ADP demonstrated the best overall accuracy against a 4-compartment model in individuals with excess body weight, while both BIA and DXA overestimated body fat percentage, with substantial individual-level variability of up to 5% error highlighting caution for clinical use.
Body Composition Alterations in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Significant differences in body composition exist between the paretic and non-paretic sides in chronic stroke, with LBM and BMC significantly lower on the paretic side, fat mass higher in the paretic lower limb, and key predictors of paretic LBM and BMC identified.
Sex-Based Differences in Imaging-Derived Body Composition and Their Association with Clinical Malnutrition in Abdominal Surgery Patients.
Males and females exhibit distinct body composition features associated with clinical malnutrition, with myosteatosis associated with malnutrition only in females, while both sexes showed associations between reduced muscle volume and increased fat attenuation with malnutrition.
The Impact of Exercise Snacking on Body Composition and Cardiovascular Function Indicators in Obese College Students.
An exercise snacking (ES) protocol can serve as an effective exercise strategy to help obese college students significantly improve their body composition and cfPWV indicators of arterial stiffness.
Does Distance Matter? Metabolic and Muscular Challenges of a Non-Stop Ultramarathon with Sub-Analysis Depending on Running Distance.
Ultramarathon participation induces profound disturbances in metabolic and structural integrity regardless of race distance, with a mean energy deficit of 6797 kcal and significant disruptions in hormonal, metabolic, and muscular biomarkers, with the greatest changes observed in the 230 km subgroup.
Influence of posture during mastication on body composition and nutritional intake in individuals with Down syndrome.
Postural alterations during mastication in individuals with Down syndrome were associated with lower BMI and body fat percentage, lower overall intake, and differences in specific nutrient consumption including saturated fat and beef intake.
Association Between Relative Fat Mass and the Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: Evidence From Two Large Population-Based Surveys.
SCR/CysC levels were negatively correlated with CMM risk, whereas RFM levels showed a positive correlation, suggesting both may serve as potential biomarkers for CMM screening.
Association between changes in Chinese visceral adiposity index and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Longitudinal increases in Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) were associated with increased CVD risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults, with a 20% increased risk per standard deviation increase in cumulative CVAI, suggesting CVAI changes may provide additional information for comprehensive CVD risk assessment.
Dibifree, a dietary phytomix, improves glycemic control and adiposity via modulation of the gut-pancreas-adipose-immune axis in type 2 diabetes.
Dibifree, a dietary phytomix add-on therapy, significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose, and body fat percentage in T2D patients, with mechanistic evidence supporting multi-target actions across the gut-pancreas-adipose-immune axis.
Integrating body composition analysis and machine learning for non-invasive identification of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a large-scale health examination-based study.
Tree-based machine learning models integrating body composition parameters, particularly visceral fat rating, achieved high discriminative performance (AUC > 0.96 internal, > 0.95 external) for non-invasive identification of MAFLD in a large health examination cohort.
Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Excess Adiposity in Group 1 Pulmonary Hypertension.
Excess adiposity is common in group 1 pulmonary hypertension, occurring in 4 out of 5 patients by waist/height ratio, and is associated with higher biventricular filling pressures, cardiac output demand, worse functional status, and reduced survival independent of insulin resistance.
Body composition following gender affirming hormone therapy in transgender individuals.
Gender affirming hormonal therapy leads to body fat redistribution after twelve months of hormone therapy with significant alterations in muscle mass and strength among both transmen and transwomen.
Relationship Between Body Composition With Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Young Adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
In young adults, higher skeletal muscle mass was independently associated with greater carotid intima-media thickness, suggesting it may signal early vascular changes rather than protection, especially when coinciding with higher adiposity.
Barriers to physical activity among university students in the light of psychosocial and body composition determinants.
Barriers to physical activity among university students are influenced by both psychosocial dynamics and body composition characteristics, with higher body fat percentage emerging as the strongest physiological predictor and intrinsic motivation demonstrating a protective effect.
Association between phase angle and the risk of sarcopenic obesity in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.
Lower phase angle was independently associated with sarcopenic obesity in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that PhA may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying individuals at high risk of SO.
Postural Control, Sleep Quality, and Body Composition in Patients With Ménière's Disease: A Cross-sectional Study Using Dynamic Posturography.
Postural control in Ménière's disease is influenced by vestibular, sleep, and anthropometric factors, with poor sleep and adiposity independently linked to imbalance, supporting multidimensional assessment and rehabilitation addressing sleep and weight.
Efficacy of very low calorie diet in the intervention of obesity and the changes in oral microbiota: a prospective cohort study.
A prospective cohort study of 101 obese adults found that VLCD intervention shows significant short-term benefits in weight loss and body fat reduction, and shows potential for reducing the risk of chronic diseases by modulating systemic inflammation and altering the oral microbiome.
Integrative deep learning analysis of 2D and 3D body composition features for predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy.
A deep learning-based 2D and 3D body composition analysis pipeline demonstrated high accuracy in predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula following radical distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, achieving an AUC of 0.82 with sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.76 in the external test set.
Beyond Biochemical Markers: Characterizing Malnutrition in COVID-19.
Nutritional deterioration affected 30% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and presented atypically, with weight loss driven by adipose tissue reduction rather than lean mass loss and without the traditional biochemical markers of malnutrition, which may limit standard assessment tools.
Body composition and muscle health changes after providing vascular imaging results in older adults: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
Providing abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) results with healthy lifestyle education did not improve body composition or muscle health in older adults compared to education alone, though exploratory analyses suggested those with evidence of AAC had greater reductions in fat mass and visceral adipose tissue.
Longitudinal analysis of body composition in Italian national U17 male handball players using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis.
Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis effectively tracks hydration indices and training adaptations in young athletes, representing a valuable tool for managing performance and recovery across a competitive handball season.
Cross-species studies implicate the melanocortin 3 receptor more strongly in the control of pubertal development than energy balance.
Cross-species studies in humans, dogs, and mice support MC3R having a conserved role across mammals in controlling growth and pubertal timing, while complete loss of MC3R does not result in a penetrant human obesity syndrome.
Urbanization, Physical Capacity, and Body Composition in Rarámuri and Mestizo Populations From Northern Mexico.
Urbanization was associated with a progressive increase in adiposity and a decline in aerobic capacity, with non-urbanized rural Rarámuri maintaining a leaner and metabolically efficient phenotype compared to urbanized Rarámuri and Mestizo groups, exemplifying 'functional regression rather than adaptation.'
Psychobiological factors influencing physical activity and body composition in young adults: Chronotype and food addiction.
Physical activity, chronotype, and food addiction collectively accounted for 8.7% of the variance in BMI among university students, suggesting body composition is influenced more by behavioural rhythms and timing preferences than by energy balance alone.