Exercise & Training
436 peer-reviewed studies indexed
How do we tread? Differences in stability-related foot placement control between overground and treadmill walking in young adults.
Foot placement control manifests differently during overground versus treadmill walking, with lower foot placement precision, wider average step width, weaker responses to center-of-mass position deviations, and stronger responses to center-of-mass velocity deviations during overground walking, warranting caution in generalizing treadmill findings to daily life gait.
Mapping components of behavioural weight management interventions using electronic survey and component selection by expert consensus: the BE:COME Study.
Behavioural weight management interventions vary considerably in components between randomised controlled trials and real-world services, with UK trials differing from those delivered in the real world, hampering evidence-based commissioning decisions.
Association between screen time and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a compositional isotemporal substitution analysis.
Reasonably allocating adolescents' daily activities and reducing screen time can help lower the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents, with compositional isotemporal substitution analysis showing that replacing light physical activity with screen time elevated NSSI risk while substituting screen time with light physical activity reduced it.
[Barriers to participation in public physical activity programs: comparison between Brazil and the Northeast region, National Health Survey (NHS), 2019].
The prevalence of barriers to non-participation in public physical activity programs was high and varied according to sociodemographic characteristics, with lack of interest, opening hours, distance from home, and health problems being the most frequent barriers in both Brazil and the Northeast region.
Corrigendum to "The impact of backpack load on adolescent stair descent safety and injury risk" [J. Biomech. 166 (2024) 112029].
Increasing backpack load affects adolescent stair descent gait, with loads up to 15% and 20% body weight causing posterior body tilt, compensatory trunk anterior tilt, and increased hip flexion torques that may elevate injury risk.
Evaluating route preview as an alternative to turn-by-turn navigation in pedestrian mobility.
Route preview performs comparably to turn-by-turn navigation across key metrics including navigation errors, phone glances, and spatial learning, and when enhanced with targeted improvements could better serve diverse pedestrian needs than current TBT-dominant interfaces.
Physical activity and social adaptation in high school students: the chain mediating roles of interpersonal relationships and psychological resilience.
Physical activity was associated with social adaptation in high school students through both independent and chain mediation effects of interpersonal relationships and psychological resilience.
Reliability and validity of the Sinhala version of the physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C).
The Sinhala version of the PAQ-C demonstrates good content validity and acceptable test-retest reliability, affirming its suitability as a cost-effective tool for assessing physical activity levels among Sinhala-speaking children in Sri Lanka.
Grip strength as a mediator in the relationship between physical activity and osteoporosis in older adults: Evidence from two longitudinal cohort studies.
Physical activity significantly reduces osteoporosis risk in older adults, with grip strength mediating 28.3% of this protective effect, particularly in women and those aged 65 and older.
Diet and Physical Activity Interventions to Improve Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial in North Africa.
Structured, culturally adapted lifestyle interventions integrating diet and physical activity significantly enhance survival and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors, with the greatest benefits observed in the combined intervention group.
Schoolchildren as health promoters: a community strategy for healthy eating and physical activity to reduce nutritional risk.
A child-promoter model (HPC) was more effective than conventional nutrition education in reducing nutritional risk in Mexican schoolchildren, with significant improvements in body fat percentage, cholesterol levels, and Healthy Eating Index.
Do adults with cardiovascular disease risk show meaningful reactivity to physical activity measurement? Coordinated analysis across six studies.
Adults in midlife with CVD risk factors show little evidence of PA measurement reactivity, suggesting widespread use of burdensome procedures to prevent reactivity is not warranted in this at-risk population.
Effectiveness and implementation of an embedded community-based heart-age risk education model (E-CHARM) in improving cardiovascular risk awareness and health behaviors among older adults with hypertension: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
This paper describes a protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial testing whether a personalized Heart Age report with brief physician explanation improves CVD risk awareness and health behaviors among older adults with hypertension in a community health center in China.
Crossing in the dark: Investigating the effect of vehicle kinematics and eHMI on older pedestrians' crossing behavior in a virtual reality experiment.
Older pedestrians adopted different crossing strategies than younger pedestrians when interacting with automated vehicles, and eHMI decreased crossing initiation time for both age groups but was interpreted and used differently between age groups, with nighttime conditions making pedestrians feel less safe and behave more cautiously.
Design considerations for technology-assisted fall-resisting skills training trials in older adults: A pilot and feasibility study.
This pilot study guided the design of an RCT of fall-resisting skills training by investigating key design factors including placebo-control group design, obstacle difficulty settings, gait robustness evaluation methods, task unpredictability effects on anxiety, and general feasibility in healthy older adults.
Road traffic noise affects annoyance during urban built and forest walks, but not repetitive negative thinking or connectedness with non-human nature: A randomized controlled trial.
Road traffic noise affects annoyance during urban built and forest walks, but neither environment type nor noise level was associated with changes in repetitive negative thinking or connectedness with non-human nature.
Pedestrian-AV interactions at unmarked midblock: Effects of eHMI onset timing and vehicle kinematics on young adult pedestrian behavior and subjective safety perception.
Early eHMI onset significantly reduced pedestrian crossing initiation time and entry time and improved subjective safety perception, and under late vehicle yielding with early eHMI onset, pedestrians demonstrated optimal crossing efficiency while maintaining safety.
A Retrospective Career-Long and Seasonal Study of Injury Patterns in 196 Elite Swimmers: The Role of Primary Discipline and Competitive Distance.
Both discipline and competitive distance play important roles in the risk for injury in elite swimming, with freestyle sprinters showing a higher injury incidence than freestyle long-distance swimmers and shoulder being the most prevalent injury site.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Exploration of the Relationship Between Running Motion Patterns and Achilles Tendon Stress in Inactive Adults Initiating a Running Program.
Machine learning with SHAP analysis identified specific running motion pattern thresholds—including ankle dorsiflexion angle less than 10.5°, plantarflexion moment exceeding 1.5 N·m/kg, and hip internal rotation exceeding 8.2°—that significantly elevate Achilles tendon stress in inactive adults initiating a running program.
Cardiorespiratory fitness responses to a Daily Mile program in overweight youth from a low-income Colombian school.
A 10-week Daily Mile intervention resulted in short-term improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness among overweight and obese adolescents from a low-income Colombian school, with an average increase of approximately 150 m in the Shuttle Run Test compared to controls.
A Study on the Effects of the Dynamic Features of Light-Based eHMI on Pedestrians' Crossing Behavior.
Dynamic light-based eHMIs on automated vehicles influence pedestrian crossing behavior, with animation speed having the greatest effect on crossing decisions, while animation pattern and light-emitting area primarily affect visual attention rather than decision-making.
Pedestrians' Perceptions of Motorized Traffic in Suburban-Rural Areas of a Metropolitan Region: Exploring Measurement Perspectives.
In suburban-rural areas of Greater Stockholm, noise was the primary negative predictor of pedestrians' walking stimulation, and vehicle speed had indirect negative effects on both walking stimulation and perceived traffic safety via noise, suggesting that reducing vehicle speed could lower noise and enhance the walking experience.
Protocol for a cluster-randomized control trial of a remote workplace resilience intervention for early care and education providers: The OnWARD trial.
This paper describes a protocol for a 15-month cluster randomized control trial (OnWARD) comparing a remotely delivered resilience intervention versus a physical activity attention control program for early childcare education staff across 80 centers.
The temporal interplay between physical activity, emotional well-being, and health-related quality of life in individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-lagged panel analysis.
HRQoL and emotional well-being predicted subsequent MVPA, whereas MVPA showed limited and inconsistent effects on later HRQoL or EWB in individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effectiveness of Step Goal Personalization Strategies on Physical Activity in a Mobile Health App: A Field Study.
Step goal personalization strategies (personalized-by-you and personalized-by-the-algorithm) both increased weekly step counts compared to a default goal group, but their effectiveness varied by users' baseline activity levels, indicating the need for a tailored approach for different user segments.
Pastors' perceptions of faith-based cancer prevention/early detection programs in Virginia: a mixed methods study.
Public health partnerships with churches can help mitigate resource limitations and improve sustainability of cancer screening and early detection programs, as pastors perceived programs to be feasible but many lacked the resources to deliver them.
Evidence from a 60 s Jump Protocol in National Wrestlers on Effects of Short-Term Plyometric Fatigue on Visual and Auditory Reaction Performance.
Short-term plyometric fatigue negatively affects visual reaction performance but does not influence auditory reaction time in wrestlers, suggesting acute fatigue primarily disrupts visual-motor pathways.
The effects of short-term dietary calorie restriction combined with aerobic exercise on systemic inflammation in overweight or obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial.
Four weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training combined with calorie restriction led to a greater reduction in IL-6, but not CRP, compared to calorie restriction alone, and also led to greater reduction in knee pain in overweight or obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Personalised Diet and Physical Activity Intervention Versus Usual Care on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults with Inactive Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Personalised dietitian advice led to meaningful dietary changes without exacerbating disease activity, but no significant differences were found in body fat or other cardiometabolic outcomes compared to usual care.
Changes in physical activity behaviors and influencing factors among children and adolescents with heart disease after hospital discharge: a 3-month follow-up study.
Physical activity levels significantly declined within 3 months post-discharge among children and adolescents with heart disease, with intention, self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, intention-behavior gap, and parental support identified as significant longitudinal influencing factors.
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL ACROSS BODY MASS INDEX IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HBA1C AND FRUCTOSAMINE.
Physical activity is associated with improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes as measured by both HbA1c and fructosamine, but obesity attenuates this benefit especially for long-term glycemic memory (HbA1c), with HbA1c being a more reliable marker for activity-related metabolic benefits than fructosamine.
When Load Does not Tell the Whole Story: Acute Effects of Effort Matched Resistance Training Protocols on Arterial Stiffness.
The number of repetitions per set and total time under tension, rather than absolute load or set volume, play a more important role in mediating acute hemodynamic responses following resistance training.
Investigating rehabilitation by activities involving the trunk to improve balance and gait control in young children with cerebral palsy: A randomized open-label crossover trial protocol.
This paper presents a randomized open-label crossover trial protocol investigating rehabilitation by activities involving the trunk (RAIT) in young children with cerebral palsy aged 18 months to 5 years and 6 months, expecting at least 30% reduction in initial motor disorders after RAIT compared to usual rehabilitation.
Exploring how men's physical activity behaviour changes during and after the Australian Fans-In-Training (Aussie-FIT) program: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework.
Men's physical activity engagement during and after the 12-week Aussie-FIT program evolved over time, with early engagement supported by sport-based identity, nostalgia and social connection, while later engagement involved self-regulatory strategies and transitional support needs, with behavioural regulation, environmental context and resources, and social influences most relevant for sustaining PA.
Impact of Robotic Assisted Treadmill Gait Training on Walking Performance in Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Robotic-assisted treadmill gait training (RATGT) using Lokomat in addition to regular physical therapy produced statistically significant improvements in walking performance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy compared to regular physical therapy alone.
A computational modeling framework to assess the influence of carbon fiber orthosis use on ankle function and contact mechanics: A pilot study.
A concurrent simulation framework driven by whole-body gait kinematics and ground reaction kinetics successfully estimated physiologically reasonable secondary kinematics, muscle forces, and cartilage contact stresses concurrently, enabling systematic examination of the effect of orthosis design on joint and articular contact forces.
Comparison of Multi-Band Intermuscular Coherence Complex Network Metrics Between Stroke Survivors and Healthy Adults Before and After Speed Control.
After controlling for walking speed, only the clustering coefficient in the Type IIb band (165-224.5 Hz) remained significantly reduced in stroke survivors compared to healthy adults, representing a speed-independent biomarker of impaired neuromuscular coordination.
Dynamic Gait Stability Estimated Using One or Two Inertial Measurement Units Worn on the Human Body.
Appropriate combinations of two IMU sensors achieved mean errors of approximately 30 mm and 11 mm in anterior and mediolateral MoS, respectively, suggesting that IMU-based MoS estimation is sufficiently accurate for the classification of individuals at high fall risk.
From habit to high risk: The influence of multidimensional lifestyle changes on internet addiction risk among junior high school students and its predictive utility.
Adverse changes across four lifestyle dimensions (exercise, smart device ownership, diet, sleep-wake patterns) significantly increase the risk of Internet addiction among junior high school students, with a six-variable predictive model achieving an AUC of 0.721.
Changes in leisure time physical activity, obesity-related morbidities, fatal and non-fatal CVD events and total mortality: Over 20-year follow-up in the opera study.
Maintaining regular leisure time physical activity was associated with lower incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, while stopping or never engaging in LTPA was associated with higher risks of non-fatal CVD events, fatal CVD events, and all-cause mortality over a 20-year follow-up.
The effects of gait speed on the responses to immediate and prolonged exposure to mediolateral optic flow perturbation in healthy young adults.
Immediate responses and adaptations to mediolateral optic flow perturbations are speed-dependent and larger at slower gait speeds, with walking at slow speeds inducing greater immediate responses in mediolateral gait parameters compared to walking at faster speeds.
Effects of Mechanical Perturbation Magnitude on Human Gait Entrainment.
Periodic mechanical perturbations at relatively low magnitudes (3.4% and 7.8% of peak ankle and hip torque, respectively) achieved high gait entrainment success rates, with both studies exhibiting plateauing trends indicating critical magnitude thresholds beyond which further increases did not improve entrainment characteristics.
Study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of MOVE SMART-An intervention to increase physical activity, reduce sedentary behaviour and improve health outcomes in patients with psoriasis.
This paper describes the protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of MOVE SMART, a decentralised intervention prompting 2-minutes of light-intensity physical activity following 30-minutes of continuous sedentary behaviour, designed to improve health outcomes in patients with psoriasis.
Comparing Acute Effects of Caffeine Delivery Forms on Cross-Training Performance: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.
While caffeine delivery forms did not improve internal load measures or performance parameters such as RPE, HR, or total number of repetitions, caffeine mouth rinse showed a potentially meaningful improvement in CMJ performance after CrossFit training.
Interindividual differences in digital phenotypes of major depressive disorder: A passive sensing study using smartphone and wearable sensor data.
A two-profile solution best characterized digital phenotypes of MDD, with one profile (14.3% of sample) showing 'deficient sleep, chronically low heart rate variability, and low social engagement' associated with lower social and occupational functioning compared to an 'average in every way' profile.
Comparison of plyometric training using differential learning versus nonlinear pedagogy on functional, biomechanical factors in athletes at high risk of A. C. L. injury: protocol for aparallel-group randomized controlled trial.
This paper presents a protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of integrating plyometric training with either non-linear pedagogy (NLP) or differential learning (DL) on functional performance and biomechanical risk factors in athletes at high risk of ACL injury.
Effects of slide-board-based high-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in young speed skaters.
Slide-board HIIT is an effective short-term training method for enhancing aerobic fitness and anaerobic power in youth speed skaters, with HIIT protocols (3+2 and 4+1 structures) producing significant improvements in VO2max, peak power, and mean power over 4 weeks, while MICT showed no significant changes in any variable.
Healthy intentions: A daily diary intervention study on physical activity and unhealthy snacking at work.
A randomized controlled daily diary intervention based on mental contrasting with implementation intentions successfully improved accelerometer-assessed physical activity during the workday but was ineffective at reducing unhealthy snacking, with participants given daily behavioral choice being more physically active than those given daily assignments.
The effect of physical activity on healthy lifestyle, self-esteem and psychological well-being in late adolescents.
Structured educational and intervention initiatives aimed at promoting physical activity contribute significantly to enhancing adolescents' healthy lifestyle habits, self-esteem, and psychological well-being.
Physical activity advice from general practitioners in Germany: findings from a cross-sectional population survey of individuals with chronic ischaemic heart disease (OptiCor study).
Only one-third of individuals with self-reported chronic ischaemic heart disease in Germany received comprehensive GP-delivered physical activity advice covering all three recommended elements (assessing, advising, and assisting), with specific subgroups such as women and those with lower education being less likely to receive such advice.