Exercise & Training
436 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Prevalence of insufficient daily physical activity and its association with health indicators among Chinese primary and secondary school students: a cross-sectional study.
Health cognition, resource availability, and time allocation are significant factors associated with the insufficiency of daily 2-h physical activity among Chinese primary and secondary school students.
Effect of accentuated eccentric loading countermovement jumps and drop jump training with ladder training versus ladder training alone on sprint performance and change of direction ability in futsal players: A randomized controlled trial protocol.
This paper presents a protocol for a 6-week randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of accentuated eccentric loading countermovement jumps, drop jumps, and ladder training versus ladder training alone on sprint performance and change of direction ability in futsal players.
Adherence to Australian diet, physical activity and alcohol guidelines is associated with lower risk of depression and anxiety: a secondary analysis of the CALM trial.
Greater adherence to Australian diet, physical activity, and alcohol guidelines was associated with reduced risk of depression and anxiety, while ultra-processed food consumption was associated with higher risk, in adults experiencing psychological distress.
Hip Girdle Muscle Activation by Whole-Body Vibration to Achieve the Impact of Walking and Running: A Prospective Pilot Study in Healthy Children.
WBVT produced short-term increases in hip-girdle muscle activation under tolerable conditions in healthy children, with the 3 mm/10 Hz setting identified as optimal for replicating walking or running muscle activation without causing discomfort.
The Effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement on High Intensity Interval Training: A Comparison of Traditional and Cluster Set Protocols.
PAPE protocols, especially using cluster sets, increase time ≥ 90% VO2max and total work duration during HIIT, potentially enhancing endurance performance.
Six weeks of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with resistance training improves motor learning in healthy young adults.
Six weeks of tDCS combined with resistance training enhanced motor learning in healthy young adults, but these improvements diminished after training cessation.
Smartphone-Based Markerless Motion Capture for Spatiotemporal Gait Assessment: Applied Within-Session Reliability and Comparability of OpenCap Versus OptoGait.
OpenCap provides reliable within-session estimates for key spatiotemporal measures, but systematic bias indicates it should be used consistently as a standalone tool rather than interchangeably with OptoGait without device-specific correction or reference values.
The effects of high-intensity interval training on NLRP3 inflammasome and monocyte chemokine receptors in individuals with obesity.
Eight weeks of HIIT can modulate some components involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as monocyte chemokine receptors, in individuals with obesity, suggesting an improvement in the control of inflammatory status.
[Association Between Physical Activity and Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic].
Patients who self-report adherence to physical activity recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compensation and lower values in glycemic control tests, in addition to benefits such as weight and BMI control.
The impact of 24-h activity patterns on executive function in older adults with chronic diseases: analysis of the isotonic substitution effect.
SP and MVPA significantly improve inhibitory control in older adults with chronic diseases, while LPA significantly enhances working memory, with isotemporal substitution of SB with MVPA for 30 min reducing inhibitory control z-scores by 0.285.
Clinical Features in Children with Persistent Toe Walking Who Carry Heterozygous PYGM Variants: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Heterozygous PYGM variants may contribute to subtle neuromuscular phenotypes in children with persistent toe walking, suggesting genetic testing should be considered when clinical findings raise suspicion for an underlying neuromuscular/metabolic condition.
Is Higher Frequency Always Better? The Dose-Response Relationship Between Structured Physical Activity Frequency and Physical Fitness Improvement in Preschool Children.
Participating in structured physical activity fewer than two sessions per week is insufficient to enhance preschool children's physical fitness, while engagement at least twice per week significantly improves key indicators of strength, coordination, and agility, with performance reaching a plateau when frequency exceeds three sessions per week.
The STRENGTH Study: A cluster randomised controlled trial of the effect of a behaviour change intervention added to cardiac rehabilitation on physical activity adherence.
A behaviour change intervention added to standard maintenance stage cardiac rehabilitation did not improve physical activity or health outcomes, though continued access to cardiac rehabilitation sustained high physical activity levels.
Dyadic planning as a complementary process to individual planning: Physical activity in daily diaries of persons with pre-obesity or obesity.
Dyadic planning was found to be mainly a complementary strategy to individual planning, such that day-to-day individual planning together with dyadic planning was linked to more physical activity than individual planning alone in persons with pre-obesity and obesity.
Association between sedentary behaviour, sleep duration, physical activity and mental health among teachers in China during COVID-19: a cross- sectional study.
Reduced sedentary time and adequate sleep were related to anxiety and depression among teachers in China during COVID-19, and high frequency of physical activity in the context of long sedentary time and short sleep duration may be associated with anxiety and depression.
Lifestyle physical activity coaching in outpatients with major depressive disorder (PACOUTPAT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial on physical activity, depression, and quality of life.
This paper presents the study protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial investigating the short- and long-term effects of a new physical activity coaching approach on PA behavior, depression severity, and quality of life in outpatients with major depressive disorder.
Reorganization of Human Gait and Foot Pressure Patterns After 1-Week Dry Immersion.
After 7 days of dry immersion, walking speed, step frequency, and step length decreased while stance phase increased, accompanied by posterior-lateral redistribution of plantar pressure and increased electromyographic activity in all recorded shin muscles.
Association between relative free-living sit-to-stand transition thigh angular velocities and difficulties in mobility and daily functioning.
Performing sit-to-stand transitions at a higher proportion of one's capacity was associated with walking and stair negotiation difficulties in older adults, suggesting that relative free-living STS intensity may reflect emerging mobility difficulties.
Trends in 4th-12th grade students' aerobic capacity and muscular strength and endurance: New York City public school students, 2006-2019.
Thirteen years of data from the largest school district in the nation demonstrate overall improvements in student fitness performance on all three tests, with the largest gains seen for aerobic capacity, though persistent disparities by sex, grade level, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status remain.
The Relationship Between Biological Age and Emotional Intelligence in Young Swimmers.
Significant correlations were found between biological age and emotional intelligence in young swimmers, particularly between biological age and accepting, expressing and using one's emotions in action in girls, and between calendar age and this same scale for the entire sample.
Combined adapted physical activity and art-therapy intervention in myasthenia gravis: Study protocol for a randomized crossover pilot trial.
A monocentric, prospective, randomized crossover pilot trial protocol is designed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an integrated APA+AT program compared to APA alone in myasthenia gravis patients, with quality of life as the primary outcome.
The impact of age on six-minute walk distance, functional class, and right ventricular function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
6MWD may disproportionately underestimate improvement in older patients with PAH, suggesting that age-adjusted 6MWD cutoffs may be necessary to ensure accurate risk assessment.
Shear wave elastography of the plantar fascia: A cross-sectional observational study in asymptomatic runners and sedentary controls.
In young, asymptomatic elite runners, chronic training is not associated with a measurable change in plantar fascia thickness or stiffness compared with sedentary peers, with differences predominantly site-dependent (proximal > distal).
Safe cold-water thresholds while wearing wetsuits approved for open water swimming competitions.
Well-trained swimmers wearing approved wetsuits maintained core temperature down to a median critical cold-water temperature of 15.0°C, below the current 16°C regulatory mandate, with no differences between genders or wetsuit types.
Intervention Mapping: A Framework to Co-Design the ALAPAGE Programme to Simultaneously Improve Dietary Diversity and Physical Fitness Among Older People.
Using the Intervention Mapping framework, the ALAPAGE programme was co-designed through six steps to simultaneously improve dietary diversity and physical fitness among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older in southeastern France, resulting in 31 change objectives, 30 practical strategies, and 19 pedagogical tools organized into seven group sessions.
Comparing 3 Goal-Setting Techniques to Promote Adherence to National Physical Activity Guidelines in Midlife Adults: Feasibility Trial of a Mechanistic Study Design.
A 6-month feasibility trial randomizing insufficiently active midlife adults with obesity to 3 goal-setting techniques versus a non-goal-setting comparison condition demonstrated that the mechanistic study design was feasible and acceptable, supporting progression to a larger-scale proof-of-concept trial.
Use of the Human Activity Profile to evaluate functional performance in chronic venous insufficiency: A validity study.
HAP is a valuable tool that can be used both in the assessment of functionality and in monitoring clinical management and progression of CVI.
Phase-specific changes in anthropometric and physical fitness outcomes among Chinese upper-secondary students before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: the moderating role of educational track.
Large-scale societal disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic alter adolescent physical fitness in domain- and context-specific ways, reshaping developmental patterns and inequality dynamics rather than uniformly depressing fitness levels, with educational track playing a critical moderating role.
A Three-Arm Randomized Trial of Aerobic Training Versus High-Intensity Interval Training on Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain.
AT and HIIT were similarly effective on the clinical effects of neck pain and functional disability, and both exercises can potentially be performed in individuals with chronic neck pain according to personal factors.
How does internet use affect the mental health of older adults: examining the mediating pathways of perception of social fairness and physical activity.
Internet use was significantly and directly associated with better mental health in older adults, but operated through a complex mechanism involving both positive indirect pathways via physical activity and negative indirect pathways via reduced perceived social justice, with a significant chained mediation effect of internet use → lower perceived social justice → reduced physical activity → poorer mental health.
Effect of the Center Bridge-Type Knee Orthosis on the External Knee Adduction Moment During Gait in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.
The center bridge-type knee orthosis significantly reduced external knee adduction moment during the loading response in patients with knee OA, with values approaching those of healthy individuals, but achieving full normalization of EKAM throughout the stance phase would require a valgus corrective moment at least 5.34 times greater than that produced by the current orthosis.
Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with chronic low back pain in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study.
Insufficient physical activity and sedentary behavior are major modifiable risk factors for chronic low back pain in middle-aged and older adults, with meeting physical activity guidelines associated with significantly lower CLBP risk (adjusted OR = 0.218) and sedentary behavior associated with higher risk (adjusted OR = 2.720).
mHealth Intervention to Promote Nonexercise Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analysis and Implementation Study.
An mHealth intervention for promoting nonexercise physical activity in type 2 diabetes patients showed good fidelity and acceptability in primary care, though challenges with cloud-computed feedback and accelerometer-app use underscore the importance of pretesting technology-based approaches.
Ten-year longitudinal effects of physical activity and apolipoprotein E ..4 genotype on precuneus atrophy in Japanese older adults.
Higher habitual MVPA may be associated with slower left precuneus decline in APOE ε4-positive women, though this exploratory three-way effect was FDR-nonsignificant and targeted replication is needed.
Home-based physical activity intelligent programme for patients with lower extremity Ilizarov: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
This study protocol describes a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 6-month home-based physical activity intelligent programme (HB-PAIP) on functional mobility, mental health, self-efficacy, and quality of life among patients who have undergone lower extremity Ilizarov surgery.
Assessing Genetic Risk for Physical Activity and Its Interaction with Diet in Predicting Activity Levels and Weight Loss in the iMPROVE Study.
Genetic predisposition influences short-term activity and weight outcomes, with dietary patterns moderating these effects, though the multifactorial nature of lifestyle behaviors is underscored by the modest variance explained.
Blood metabolic profiling associated with a short-term intensive training period in elite male water polo athletes: an exploratory metabolomics study.
Non-targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics identified 33 differentially expressed serum metabolites in elite water polo athletes after one week of intensive training, with lysine degradation and vitamin B6 metabolism as key altered pathways and three potential biomarkers: decreased N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine and 2-aminoadipic acid, and increased 4-pyridoxic acid.
Walking towards the future: Exploring OpenTUG's validity in automatic walking activity analyses and the relationship to cognition in vestibular patients.
OpenTUG, a 2D human pose estimation tool, demonstrates feasibility and validity for automatically extracting clinically relevant gait parameters from vestibular patients, with automated and manual analyses highly correlated and TUG performance associated with attentional measures and postural stability.
Cold-Water Immersion Impairs Power Earlier than Strength Through Time-Dependent Reductions in Intramuscular Temperature in Human Dorsiflexor Muscles.
Peak power is more sensitive to reductions in intramuscular temperature than maximal isometric strength, reflecting a time- and temperature-dependent effect on skeletal muscle function during cold-water immersion.
Modes of centripetal ground reaction force application in curved sprinting on an athletic track in male athletes.
The centripetal impulse during curve sprinting was primarily determined by mean centripetal GRF magnitude rather than contact duration, with functionally distinct asymmetrical mechanisms identified for the left and right legs.
Evaluating effects of synchronous music reinforcement on increasing treadmill walking speed in a stepwise fashion.
Synchronous reinforcement using participant-selected music can produce stepwise increases in walking speed, supporting its potential as a socially significant and low-cost strategy to promote aerobic physical activity.
Adherence to Health Behavior Recommendations among Youth with Obesity Classes I, II, and III.
Youth with obesity class II and class III had lower odds of meeting physical activity and screen time recommendations compared with youth with obesity class I, though no differences were observed between class II and class III.
American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 for cardiovascular health assessment among Iranian adults: a national cross-sectional study from STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 2021.
Despite favourable scores in some cardiovascular health metrics, critical gaps in diet and physical activity highlight the need for intensive public health efforts to enhance CVH in Iran, with ideal CVH status significantly associated with lower risks of major diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Effects of squat training with different ranges of motion on muscle strength, jump performance, and change of direction ability.
Both full squat and half squat training yielded comparable improvements in muscle strength and performance, with no significant between-group differences, despite differences in training volume and quality between protocols.
The impact of high knee walking on knee pain and straight leg raising function after patellar fracture surgery: A retrospective study.
High knee walking exercise initiated on postoperative day 7 for patellar fracture surgery patients facilitates pain relief, straight leg raising and seated knee extension recovery, and reduces thigh swelling and muscle atrophy compared to assisted straight leg raise training.
Vibration Rolling, Non-Vibration Rolling, and Static Stretching for Delayed- Onset Muscle Soreness on Physiological Changes and Recovery of Athletic Performance in Runners.
Vibrating foam roller, non-vibrating roller, and static stretching produced similar short-term recovery outcomes within 48 hours following DOMS induction, with no intervention showing clear superiority over the others.
An individualised Lifestyle Intervention with Physical Activity and Diet in individuals with overweight and obesity (LI-PAD)-study protocol of a 6-month randomised controlled study {1a}.
This paper describes the protocol for a 6-month randomised controlled trial (LI-PAD) testing whether an individualised lifestyle intervention with physical activity and diet leads to larger improvements in weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors compared with standard written lifestyle advice in adults with overweight and obesity.
Insights on accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviour across type 2 diabetes sub-phenotypes in the Asian population.
Understanding the relationship between T2D subgroups and movement behaviour is a step towards advocating for PA intervention tailored to each subgroup's unique characteristics.
Discriminating Between Fallers and Non-Fallers Using Kinematic Data from the Heel2Toe™ Wearable Sensor.
Ankle angular velocity at heel strike, measured by the Heel2Toe wearable sensor, discriminated between fallers and non-fallers and was used to propose an algorithm to estimate fall risk yielding probabilities ranging from 0.0480 to 0.7245 depending on age.
Association of Physical Activity and Socioeconomic Status With Glycaemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study Using CGM Data.
Physical activity is associated with improved glycaemic and lipid control in T1D patients regardless of income, and partially mediates the effect of socioeconomic status on glycaemic outcomes.