Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Predictive equations commonly used in the clinic underestimate resting energy expenditure compared with whole-room indirect calorimetry in colorectal cancer survivors.
Most predictive equations underestimate resting energy expenditure in colorectal cancer survivors compared with whole-room indirect calorimetry, with even the best-performing equations (Harris-Benedict, Henry, FAO/WHO/UNUBIA) showing low accuracy with only 62–68% of predicted values falling within ±10% of measured REE.
The weight-adjusted waist index predicts sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults in a nationwide multicenter prospective study.
A higher baseline weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) was found to be an independent risk factor for the development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting WWI may serve as a simple and clinically useful tool for early identification of older adults at risk for sarcopenia.
Longitudinal study on the relationship between extracellular water distribution changes and muscle mass in severe sarcopenia patients using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis combined with phase angle measurements.
Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis combined with phase angle measurement offers a non-invasive and sensitive approach for early detection of muscle mass loss in severe sarcopenia, with shifts in electrical parameters and water distribution preceding measurable muscle decline by nearly three weeks.
Five days of physical inactivity induced by dry immersion alter skeletal muscle metabolism and whole body glucose tolerance in healthy men.
Five days of dry immersion-induced physical inactivity reduced cardiovascular fitness, caused muscle atrophy, increased hepatic fat, and impaired whole-body glucose tolerance, with intrinsic skeletal muscle cell changes in insulin signaling and metabolic flexibility likely contributing to these systemic metabolic disturbances.
Effects of Asparagus-Derived 20-Hydroxyecdysone Supplementation on Fat Oxidation and Insulin Sensitivity in Resistance-Trained Males.
20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) supplementation combined with resistance training may support regional fat reduction, promote fat oxidation, and improve insulin sensitivity in young resistance-trained males.
Uric-acid predictive performance analysis for subclinical organ damage in essential hypertensive patients.
In essential hypertension, elevated SUA and higher SUA/eGFR ratios are associated with early cardiac and renal structural changes even at levels below the conventional definition of hyperuricemia, with obesity amplifying urate exposure but attenuating its independent predictive value.
Nutrient Intake, Dairy Consumption, Past Fractures, and Lifestyle Correlates of Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Adolescent Boys with Myelomeningocele.
Bone health in boys with myelomeningocele appears to be primarily influenced by nutritional factors—particularly dairy intake and protein—as well as by physical activity.
The effect of artificial gravity on the outcome of a two-week resistance vibration exercise programme: BRAVE study.
Artificial gravity improves the outcome of resistance vibration exercise in ambulatory participants, with AGRVE being significantly superior to HRVE and URVE in enhancing knee MVC and thigh muscle volume.
Assessing obesity beyond body mass index: Integrating physiological and functional indicators of impairment in national health surveillance.
Integrating measures of physiological dysfunction and activity limitation with excess adiposity measures can refine population surveillance efforts by characterizing clinical and preclinical obesity among Canadian adults beyond BMI alone.
[Study of the association of prenatal barium exposure and advancement of the adiposity rebound phase in children].
Barium exposure in the first trimester may lead to an increased risk of adiposity rebound phase advancement in children, and this effect was more pronounced in boys.
Effects of a Combined Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention on Bone Density, Lean Mass and Fat Mass in Adults: The GOTO Trial.
A combined nutritional and activity lifestyle intervention significantly improved BMD of males with good bone health at baseline while at the same time improving metabolic health, suggesting that nutritional weight-loss interventions may not harm BMD when combined with exercise.
[Isotemporal substitution analysis of 24-hour activity behaviors and health-related physical fitness in university students].
Replacing sedentary behavior with moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with improvements across all health-related physical fitness outcomes in university students, with MPA having the most significant effect on body composition and VPA more effective in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility.
Nutritional Strategy to Minimize Early Lean Mass Loss after SG: The Role of Low-BCAA Soy Peptide Supplements.
Low-BCAA soy peptide supplementation was associated with superior early FFM preservation after sleeve gastrectomy compared to whey protein and compound protein supplements, particularly in younger and leaner patients.
Assessing nutritional and hydration status in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer: Agreement between hand-to-hand and hand-to-foot bioimpedance methods.
HH BIA is a reliable alternative for assessing body composition and nutritional status in patients with DFUs, with clinically negligible systematic biases and strong consistency between methods (ICC > 0.75) despite statistically significant differences in resistance, reactance, and phase angle.
Sarcopenic obesity and history of falls in older Italian adults: associations according to different diagnostic combinations.
Sarcopenic obesity defined by low handgrip strength combined with high fat mass and low muscle mass adjusted for body weight was associated with approximately fourfold to sixfold greater odds of falls in older Italian adults with severe obesity, supporting the use of muscle strength-based definitions of SO when evaluating fall risk.
BMI Percentile Cutoffs for Overweight and Obesity Are Set Too High in Terms of Adiposity and Metabolic Markers for Asian Children and Adolescents.
Asian children and adolescents experience elevated metabolic risks at currently defined BMI percentiles, and lower BMI cutoffs targeting the 80th percentile for overweight and 90th percentile for obesity may improve early detection of metabolic risks in the Asian paediatric population.
Genetic Variant in Leptin rs7799039 Is Associated with Total Body Mineral Estimates, but Not with Fat Mass, in Young Healthy Adults.
The LEP rs7799039 variant was associated with total body mineral levels in women, with AA carriers showing higher mineral content than G allele carriers, but no association was found with BMI, fat mass, or fat mass distribution.
Loss of Lean Mass in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated With Loss of Total and Visceral Fat.
In RA, loss of lean mass tends to occur in the context of a loss of weight and a loss of both total and visceral adiposity, challenging the traditional description of rheumatoid cachexia as concurrent muscle loss and fat gain.
Adipose dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and adipokines in sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis with sex-specific analyses.
Sarcopenia was associated with modest increases in LDL-C and significant increases in HDL-C in females, while no significant changes were observed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, or inflammatory markers, highlighting the need for sex-targeted interventions in sarcopenia management.
Adipokines and adiposity indices as predictors of glycemic status, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in apparently healthy adults.
Among apparently healthy adults, VAT was the most significant independent predictor of insulin resistance in the middle-aged group, while age and waist-to-height ratio were the primary predictors of fatty liver, and adiponectin and leptin had no correlation with insulin resistance or fatty liver presence.
Is Appendicular Lean Soft Tissue Mass a Clinically Valid Diagnostic Marker for Sarcopenia?
Diagnostic models excluding appendicular lean soft tissue mass demonstrated equivalent discrimination ability to those including ALSTM, raising questions about the necessity of ALSTM assessment for sarcopenia diagnosis.
Association of central adiposity and metabolic markers with osteopenia and osteoporosis in Chinese adults: a QCT-based cross-sectional study.
Indices associated with central adiposity and metabolic dysfunction, especially WWI, may provide more precise prediction of osteoporosis risk, while BMI and VAI showed no significant associations with low BMD.
Neuromuscular screening and cognitive function in older adults: A cross-sectional exploratory study.
Electrically evoked neuromuscular markers may serve as complementary indicators to traditional strength assessments and could support early detection of neuromuscular and cognitive decline in older adults.
The effects of acute and chronic exercise on lipocalin-2 in middle-aged and older adults: a randomized control trial.
Acute high-intensity interval exercise transiently increased circulating LCN2 levels in middle-aged and older adults, but 4 weeks of HIIT had no significant effect on LCN2 levels or physical function.
Evaluation of two software programs for cross-sectional body composition analysis on abdominal computed tomography scans of patients with cirrhosis.
Using different software programs to evaluate body composition in patients with cirrhosis showed excellent agreement for measuring muscle mass and adipose depots.
Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Identifies Very High Metabolic Risk in Slovak Children with Obesity: A Body Composition-Based Approach to Risk Stratification.
Low skeletal muscle mass in obese Slovak children represents a very-high-risk phenotype with 91.7% insulin resistance prevalence and 6-fold increased odds of severe metabolic dysfunction, supporting body composition-based risk stratification for personalized interventions.
Physical Activity, Nutritional Status, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients: Evidence from the NUTRISCREEN Project.
Physical activity levels were positively associated with health-related quality of life functional scores and inversely associated with nutritional risk, sarcopenia risk, and symptom burden in newly diagnosed cancer patients at first nutritional assessment.
Predictive Value of Traditional and Novel Obesity Indices for Stroke and Its Subtypes Across Sexes and Glucose Status: Toward Precision Prevention Strategies.
Weight-adjusted waist index exceeds conventional obesity metrics in predicting cerebrovascular events, with robust performance across sexes and glucose-regulated populations, supporting sex-specific adiposity assessment in stroke prevention particularly for ischemic subtypes in normoglycemic individuals.
The causal relationships between limb fat distribution and mental disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.
Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis found causal relationships between limb fat distribution and ADHD and MDD, with right arm and left leg fat mass negatively correlated and left arm and right leg fat mass positively correlated with these disorders, while no significant causal relationships were found for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Quality via Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Content Predicts Surgical Morbidity and Prognosis After Pancreatoduodenectomy.
Intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), an indicator of skeletal muscle quality, independently predicted major complications and poor prognosis in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, providing convenient and highly valuable diagnostic information on body composition.
Exercise FITT-V in pregnancy with obesity: Preliminary findings for infant adiposity and intergenerational obesity risk.
For infants born to women with obesity, exercise during pregnancy helps reduce adiposity, with maternal weekly exercise volume trending toward negative association with infant body fat percentage and mesenchymal stem cell lipid content.
Associations of weight-derived markers with mortality in patients with Corona virus disease 2019: evidence from hospitals and patients.
Higher BMI was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19, with the BMI-based Random Forest predictive model demonstrating strong predictive capabilities (ROC 0.84).
Not just about weight: Identifying hidden nutritional vulnerability after radical cystectomy.
Early weight trajectory alone may not be a good indicator of nutritional status after radical cystectomy, and evaluating dietary intake, nutritional symptoms, and body composition including fluid balance is likely required for optimal clinical decision-making.
Sarcopenic obesity prevalence and clinical implications in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis and class II-III obesity.
Sarcopenic obesity was present in 28% (95%CI 15.5-40.4) of adults with advanced knee osteoarthritis and class II-III obesity, with clinically unfavourable implications on measured and self-reported physical function and quality of life.
The Combined Use of Hydroxymethylbutyrate and Branched-Chain Amino Acids to Counteract Uremic Sarcopenia.
In HD patients, a food for special medical purposes composed of free-form branched-chain amino acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and zinc produced favorable changes in markers of muscle mass and systemic inflammation without affecting short-term physical performance.
Waist-to-height ratio as a non-invasive marker of renal sinus fat: a MRI-based cohort study.
Adiposity measures incorporating waist circumference, particularly waist-to-height ratio, are associated with renal sinus fat independent of BMI, while renal sinus fat relative to total kidney area predicts eGFR.
Mapping the Four Adiposity Axes-Inflammatory Cytokine-Venous Thromboembolism Risk Landscape: A Two-Step Mediation Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Inflammation partly mediates general-obesity axis effects on VTE and its subtypes, while lower-body fat axis confers VTE/DVT risk chiefly via local venous hemodynamic pathways.
Changes in raw bioelectrical impedance parameters as markers of body composition in youth: A prospective cohort investigation.
PhA emerged as a modest marker of body composition dynamics in youth, particularly in males and during adolescence (post-PHV), whereas other raw BIA parameters, particularly RI, XcpI, and Cap, showed even greater promise in both sexes and across development stages.
Myosteatosis and myopenia may predict oncologic outcomes in patients with rectal cancer receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
Post-nCRT mIMAC could serve as a predictor of prognosis in rectal cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, with low post-nCRT mIMAC being an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival and disease-free survival.
Preoperative visceral fat and muscle loss after cardiovascular surgery: A retrospective cohort study.
Preoperative visceral fat area measured using computed tomography is a robust predictor of postoperative skeletal muscle loss following cardiovascular surgery, with visceral obesity linked to heightened systemic inflammation potentially accelerating muscle degradation through proinflammatory pathways.
Association of Dietary Acid Load with Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters Following Eating Habit Modification in Korean Adults.
In Korean adults undergoing 8-week eating habit modification, DAL levels (especially NEAP) were associated with anthropometric and metabolic status at week 8, but absence of significant change-to-change correlations limits causal interpretation.
VDR Gene Polymorphisms and Inter-Individual Variability in Response to Resistance Training.
VDR gene polymorphisms, particularly rs731236 and rs1544410, are associated with inter-individual variability in resistance training responses among Chinese Han adults, demonstrating clear sex and phenotype specificity.
Novel anthropometric indices for predicting diabetes mellitus: A population-based study.
WHR performed as the best predictor of type 2 diabetes with an optimal cutoff of >0.95 for both sexes, while BMI and BAI were the least accurate with AUCs less than 60% for both sexes.
Associations of thigh muscle thickness with cardiorespiratory fitness and ventilatory efficiency in male soccer athletes.
Ultrasound measurements of rectus femoris and vastus intermedius are independently associated with cardiopulmonary performance, with greater muscle thickness correlating with higher peak oxygen consumption and improved ventilatory efficiency during maximal exercise testing in male soccer athletes.
Clinical correlates of physical performance and sarcopenia in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.
Higher PIGD scores and SARC-F ≥ 4 emerged as independent predictors of poor physical performance in mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease, with a combined model showing good discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.82).
Loss of muscle and bone mass with increased adiposity and fractures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A 5-year follow-up cohort study.
Over a 5-year follow-up, COPD patients experience a significant loss of BMD and lean mass, along with increased adiposity and fractures.
[Diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity could add extra clinical implications to severe obesity].
Sarcopenic obesity is frequent in candidates for bariatric surgery and is associated with worse cardiometabolic and functional profile, suggesting a higher clinical risk in these patients.
Consumption of Unprocessed and Ultraprocessed Foods in Adolescents with Obesity: Associations with Neuroendocrine Mediators of Appetite Regulation and Binge Eating Symptoms.
Lower intake of unprocessed foods was associated with alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic mediators, suggesting that dietary patterns in adolescents with obesity may influence the neuroendocrine mediators of appetite regulation.
Long-term growth effects of post-discharge formula in moderate-to-late preterm infants: follow-up at 24 months corrected age of a randomized controlled trial.
Providing moderate-to-late preterm infants with protein- and mineral-enriched post-discharge formula for 6 months after term equivalent age was associated with lower fat mass and higher fat-free mass at 24 months corrected age compared to those fed standard term formula, despite similar total body weights.
Myokine Levels in Relation to Bone Markers and Adipokines in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome During Growth Hormone Therapy and Dietary Intervention.
Children with Prader-Willi syndrome exhibit altered myokine, osteokine, and adipokine profiles along with differences in body composition, with reduced irisin and osteocalcin levels and a negative association between myostatin and lean mass that may impair muscle development and bone metabolism.