Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Central Adiposity and Visceral Fat in Long-Term Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Childhood and Adolescence: Exploration of an Underappreciated Risk.
Nearly the entire cohort of long-term survivors of pediatric ALL have an elevated waist circumference relative to height, weight, and population norms, regardless of BMI or visceral fat, suggesting waist indices may better detect those at increased cardiometabolic risk.
Serum asprosin levels in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: relationship with disease severity and adipose tissue distribution.
Serum asprosin levels were higher in OSAS patients than controls and increased with disease severity, suggesting asprosin can be used as a potential biomarker in diagnosing OSAS and assessing disease severity.
Association of Fat and Muscle Mass With Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide, Abiraterone, and Docetaxel.
Fat mass, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis—especially post-treatment VATI and right PM attenuation—were associated with survival in mCRPC, with fat loss and increased myosteatosis potentially negatively affecting prognosis.
Effect of Calorie Restricted Diet Versus Liraglutide on Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition in People With Obesity: A Pilot Study.
Both calorie restricted diet and liraglutide significantly and similarly reduce pancreatic, liver, and visceral fat while improving glycemic-related parameters in people with obesity over 24 weeks.
Weighted vest use or resistance exercise to offset muscle loss in older adults: secondary findings from the INVEST in bone health RCT.
Progressive resistance training combined with weight loss increased mid-thigh muscle CSA, improved muscle density, and reduced IMAT, underscoring RT as a minimally effective preservation strategy against weight loss-associated muscle loss, while weighted vest use had minimal impact compared to weight loss alone.
Epicardial fat remodeling in end-stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
LV epicardial adipose tissue undergoes complex remodeling in end-stage HFrEF, characterized by smaller adipocytes, higher CT density, pronounced cell size/density gradient, and greater heterogeneity compared to non-HF subjects.
A 16-week supplementation with a polyphenol-rich supplement, Sinetrol® Xpur, aids in fat loss of overweight and obese volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, parallel trial.
A 16-week supplementation with Sinetrol® Xpur (900 mg/day) significantly decreased total fat% by 1.98% in overweight and obese volunteers compared to placebo, with an increase in resting energy expenditure and a trend towards increased lean mass.
Optimizing Malnutrition Risk Detection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis of Serial Nutritional Screening Tools.
Serial nutritional screening with MUST or SaskIBD-NR significantly enhances the specificity of malnutrition risk detection in IBD patients in remission, supporting the incorporation of repeated nutritional assessments into clinical practice.
Validity of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for the Assessment of Body Composition in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis.
BIA showed high agreement with DXA and strong diagnostic accuracy for detecting myopenia in SSc, particularly in women, supporting BIA as an accessible tool for body composition assessment in SSc when standardized conditions and validated sex-specific cut-offs are applied.
Exploring Adherence and Acceptability of an Intermittent Carbohydrate Restriction Regime (ICARB) in Free-Living Adults: A Feasibility Study.
The ICARB protocol was feasible and acceptable over 4 weeks under free-living conditions, with strong adherence potential, supporting its short-term practicality and warranting longer-term and controlled studies to assess metabolic and behavioural outcomes.
Effects of concurrent training in metabolic syndrome markers of morbidly obesity patients according muscle quality index and age.
A 16-week concurrent training program led to positive changes in weight, BMI, and select metabolic syndrome indicators among individuals with severe or morbid obesity, with differential effects observed according to Muscle Quality Index group and age category.
Group-Based Fat Mass Index Trajectories in Boys and Girls from Elementary to High School.
Sex-specific group-based trajectory analyses identified three FMI trajectory groups each in boys and girls transitioning from elementary to high school, with notable differences in race, parent education, MVPA, and diet quality between trajectory groups.
Cognitive decline outweighs adiposity in influencing lower limb gait kinematics in older adults.
Cognitive impairments in key executive function domains (attention, abstraction, and working memory) have a stronger impact on gait kinematics in older adults than adiposity, with adiposity only associated with ankle kinematics.
The impact of intermittent fasting during weight reduction in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial.
A 12-hour intermittent fasting regimen combined with calorie restriction demonstrated superior efficacy in promoting weight loss and improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to calorie restriction alone.
Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults With Williams Syndrome: Comparative Accuracy of Predictive Equations.
Few predictive resting energy expenditure equations provide clinically useful estimates in adults with Williams syndrome, and the reduced measured REE observed in this population compared to controls is largely explained by differences in fat-free mass.
Comparison of DXA, BIA, and anthropometry for assessing subcutaneous, visceral, liver, and pancreas fat measured by MRI.
Indices of abdominal adiposity (DXA-derived visceral, trunk, and android fat and waist circumference) appeared highly reflective of MRI-determined visceral fat, and considering cost and accessibility, waist circumference may serve as the most appropriate surrogate for assessing visceral fat.
Fat Mass Influences Femur Bone Strength and Geometry Parameters, but Not Bone Mineral Density, in Autoimmune Diabetes: A Pilot Study.
In adults with autoimmune diabetes, excess fat mass including visceral adiposity is independently associated with impaired hip bone strength and geometry at the femur shaft, highlighting the limitations of BMD alone in evaluating bone health in people with AD and overweight.
Phase angle as an early-warning indicator of glycaemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
Phase angle shows a significant negative relationship with HbA1c levels in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, suggesting it can be used as a clinical indicator of improved blood glucose control beyond being a simple body composition parameter.
High intensity functional training versus traditional resistance training effects on inflammatory, metabolic, and physical outcomes in overweight men a randomized controlled trial.
HIFT is a promising approach for managing overweight and obesity, particularly for enhancing cardiovascular fitness and body composition, with both HIFT and RT improving metabolic and physical markers in overweight men over eight weeks.
Associations of physical activity with phase angle in adolescents living with HIV: The moderating and mediating roles of physical fitness.
PA and PhA are directly associated, independent of confounders, and muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and body composition partially moderate this relation in adolescents with HIV.
Evaluation of an Education Programme for Introducing Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Neonatal Unit Staff: A Mixed Methods Study.
A neonatal BIA education package for multidisciplinary teams improved knowledge significantly and was evaluated positively, and 'could be used by other centres wishing to implement this technology.'
Lorcaserin induces abdominal fat loss with associated improvements of the circulating metabolome/lipidome and no changes in the myostatin-activin-follistatin-IGF-1 axes: A 6-month long randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Lorcaserin treatment was associated with greater abdominal fat mass loss, favourable lipid profile changes, while MAFI components remained largely unaffected, suggesting lorcaserin may improve cardiometabolic health primarily through reductions in central adiposity.
Supervised 16-Week Multicomponent Exercise Training Programme for 18-55-Year-Old People Living with and Beyond Cancer-CONSORT 2025-Based Study Protocol of the Pilot Onco-Move Randomized Controlled Trial.
The Onco-Move pilot randomized controlled trial protocol describes a 16-week supervised multicomponent exercise programme for 18-55-year-old people living with and beyond cancer, designed to investigate effects on quality of life, physical function, body composition, sexual function, stress-response strategies, nutrition, and biomarkers of inflammation, metabolism, muscle adaptation, and cellular aging.
The trajectories of bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived raw variables (phase angle and impedance ratio) in healthy Italian children and adolescents: a retrospective observational study.
Phase angle and impedance ratio show clear age-related trajectories in healthy children and adolescents, with breakpoints observed around 11-12 years of age followed by more marked variations, particularly in boys.
Infrared thermography in the assessment of brown and white adipose tissue in children with different nutritional states.
Infrared thermography demonstrated inverse correlations between supraclavicular (brown adipose tissue) temperature and BMI, neck, waist, and hip circumferences in children with different nutritional statuses, underscoring its potential in obesity risk analysis.
The role of phase angle and standardized phase angle in assessing nutritional status and predicting complications in gastrointestinal cancer.
PA and SPA derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis are significantly associated with nutritional status and postoperative infectious complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, with high SPA associated with lower incidence of postoperative infectious complications and TNM staging associated with higher incidence.
Can epicardial fat tissue thickness help determine the need for coronary angiography before heart valve surgery?
EAT thickness > 4.3 mm is a strong predictor of suspected CAD and may help determine the need for coronary angiography in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.
Longitudinal anthropometric and physical performance adaptations in the Polish Deaf National basketball team during a three-year preparation for the deaflympics.
Elite Deaf basketball players maintained morphology and power but showed declining sprint performance over three years of Deaflympics preparation, likely due to COVID-19 disruptions, providing the first longitudinal evidence of performance trajectories in elite Deaf basketball players.
Association between body roundness index and incident stroke with different blood pressure status: A retrospective propensity score matched analysis of the CHARLS study.
Elevated BRI is independently associated with a greater risk of stroke, particularly in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension, with a unit rise in log(BRI) tied to a 19% increase in stroke risk following propensity score matching.
Enhancing Hypertension Risk Diagnosis Using a Hybrid Machine Learning Framework: Leveraging Body Composition Data.
A dual-scenario hybrid machine learning framework integrating unsupervised clustering with supervised classification using noninvasive body composition features achieved superior hypertension risk prediction, with ExtraTrees classifier on cluster-augmented data yielding accuracy of 98.23% and AUC of 99.87%.
Decrease in Psoas Muscle Mass and Density Following Liver Transplantation Is Greatest in Patients With the Highest Muscle Quantity and Density Pre-Transplant.
PAI and mHU decreased following liver transplantation; however, the most pronounced decrease in muscle mass and density was in patients with the highest starting muscle mass and density.
The Impact of an Exercise Program on Health-related Quality of Life (SarQoL) in Patients with Preoperative Sarcopenic Obesity After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
A structured 16-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise program after bariatric surgery produced significantly greater increases in health-related quality of life (SarQoL) compared to control in patients with preoperative sarcopenic obesity.
Acute Exercise-Induced Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation Rates Might Not Be Associated With Subsequent Appetitive Responses in Adolescents Living With Obesity.
Exercise-induced energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates might not be associated with the short-term control of appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity.
Assessment of the effects of whole-body muscle and fat mass on bone mineral content based on 628 DXA datasets.
Muscle mass is the strongest and most consistent correlate of BMC, while the role of fat is context-specific, varying by sex, age, and bone health status.
Head-to-head comparison of visceral adiposity indices (A Body Shape Index and Visceral Adiposity Index) with traditional anthropometrics: a community-based strategy for cardiovascular risk prediction in urban China.
WHtR demonstrated the greatest discriminative power for CVD risk prediction (AUC=0.826), while composite indices derived from PCA mitigated multicollinearity among traditional anthropometrics, and combined models incorporating novel adiposity indices achieved comparable performance with improved parsimony.
Prediabetes Associates With Musculoskeletal Alterations Independent of Total Body Adiposity.
In people with overweight/obesity, metabolic dysfunction associates with musculoskeletal dysfunction independent of adiposity.
Associations of Maternal Prenatal Inflammation With Child Adiposity: The Healthy Start Study.
Prenatal inflammation was associated with greater offspring adiposity in early childhood, with associations partially explained by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and driven by Hispanic mother-offspring pairs.
Reliability and validity of a brief self-report measure of health-related fitness in adults: the Multidimensional Health-Related Fitness Scale.
The Multidimensional Health-Related Fitness Scale (MHFS) provides a reliable and valid HRF indicator among younger adult populations, with acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC=0.87) and evidence of convergent and concurrent validity.
Multiple regression models to predict electrical bioimpedance variables through anthropometric and simple measures in children aged 6-12 years.
Multiple regression models using simple clinical and anthropometric measurements can be used to estimate bioelectrical impedance analysis variables in children aged 6-12 years.
Muscle Mass Reference Values of Greek Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study for Sarcopenia Definition in Greece.
This study established muscle mass reference values and cut-off values for sarcopenia definition in healthy young Greek adults using BIA and DXA measurements, finding Appendicular Lean Mass Index cut-offs of 5.61 kg/m2 for males and 4.06 kg/m2 for females.
Neonatal adiposity is predominantly influenced by maternal hyperglycemia than obesity: Evidence from India.
Maternal glycaemia had a much stronger effect on neonatal adiposity compared to maternal overweight-obesity in an Indian clinic population, with type 1 diabetes mothers having the lowest BMI but their neonates having the highest weight, abdominal circumferences, and skinfolds.
Muscle performance and bone density following a multi-intervention program with milk or soy milk supplementation in older adults: quasi-experimental study.
Exercise combined with nutrition education and protein supplementation, particularly milk, may be associated with favorable musculoskeletal outcomes including handgrip strength and bone mineral density in older adults.
From BMI to TMI: revisiting adiposity and fitness assessment in young active adults through a historical and contemporary lens.
In physically active young adults, TMI relates more strongly than BMI to bioimpedance-derived adiposity and may aid field-based screening, though athlete-level decisions should await confirmation in sport-specific, longitudinal studies using criterion methods.
Specific Fat Depots and Cardiometabolic Risk and Insulin Resistance in Children With Obesity.
VAT and ASAT appear to be independent predictors of cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance, respectively, in children with overweight/obesity.
Objective measurement of plasma fluid deficit, sequestration and redistribution of fluid in body compartments in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis.
Objective measurement of fluid distribution in body compartments revealed a modest plasma volume deficit in acute pancreatitis, supporting the rationale behind moderate fluid therapy to replenish the plasma volume deficit rather than the total fluid sequestered in the interstitium.
[Anthropometric identification of excess adiposity in Argentine adults according to the new concepts of obesity].
Given the difference in results between the new anthropometric criteria proposed for the diagnosis of obesity, it will be necessary to work on identifying which of them best represents excess adiposity in Argentine adults.
The impact of physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness on heart rate variability in overweight and obese college students: a cross-sectional study.
Medium-to-high intensity physical activity independently predicted favorable HRV indices in overweight and obese college students, and the association between PA and autonomic regulation appeared stronger than that between VO2max and HRV.
Sex-specific association of visceral adiposity index with renal dysfunction in chinese type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.
Visceral adiposity index showed strong and consistent associations with renal dysfunction specifically in Chinese male T2DM patients, while female associations were primarily mediated through confounding pathways, highlighting critical sex-specific differences.
Deriving sex-specific anthropometric cut-points for obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Qatari adults.
Population- and sex-specific anthropometric cut-points for BMI and waist circumference were derived for Qatari adults that are lower than WHO global standards, and WHO cut-points substantially misclassified obesity in this population.
Medically Tailored Meals During Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
A pilot randomized controlled trial found that home-delivered medically tailored meals (both carbohydrate-restricted high-fat and standard diet) were feasible and acceptable in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, with high adherence rates and descriptive patterns suggesting greater muscle preservation in the carbohydrate-restricted group.