Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Comparison of morning vs evening exercise on weight loss and related health behaviors in individuals with overweight or obesity: study protocol for a 56-week randomized controlled trial (TIMEX).
The TIMEX study protocol describes a 56-week, two-arm randomized controlled trial designed to determine the effect of morning versus evening aerobic exercise on changes in body weight, body composition, and components of energy balance in adults with overweight and obesity.
Longitudinal relationships between physical fitness and phase angle as a biomarker of cellular health in Brazilian male adolescents: a Bayesian analysis.
Phase angle demonstrated consistent positive associations with multiple physical fitness domains over time in male adolescents, suggesting that PhA may serve as a practical, non-invasive biomarker for monitoring physical fitness development.
The Impact of Physical Activity and Nutritional Patterns on Phase Angle in Healthy Adolescents.
In healthy adolescents, habitual free-time physical activity is the main modifiable factor of phase angle, with male sex and higher free-time physical activity independently associated with higher phase angle values.
Cardiometabolic Gains Unrelated to Weight Loss-Adjusted Body Fat or Distribution Changes in Adults With and Without Diabetes.
Cardiometabolic improvements from weight loss appear independent of changes in body fat percentage or fat distribution.
Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Metabolic Inflexibility and Specific Factors According to Sex.
Type 1 diabetes is associated with impaired cardiorespiratory fitness characterized by lower VO2max and reduced carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, with different determinants of VO2max according to sex.
Novel MRI-Guided Ultrasound Equations for Whole-Body Muscle Mass in Caucasian Adults.
Ultrasound-derived equations incorporating both muscle thickness and cross-sectional area measurements enable accurate estimation of whole-body muscle mass in healthy Caucasian adults, with the most accurate model achieving an adjusted R2 of 0.942 and a standard error of estimate of 1.7 kg using MRI as the reference standard.
Yearlong fluctuations of vitamin D status, intake, and health outcomes in university students: A prospective longitudinal study.
University students were at risk of low vitamin D status throughout the year; only sustained supplementation led to an effective increase in 25(OH)D concentrations, and CYP2R1 GG homozygotes may require higher intake levels of vitamin D in order to achieve comparable 25(OH)D concentrations to those with AG + AA genotypes.
Resistance training as a key strategy for high-quality weight loss in men and women.
Resistance training enhances weight-loss quality by maximizing fat mass reduction while preserving or increasing fat-free mass during calorie-restricted diet programs in both men and women.
Correlation between visceral adiposity index, body roundness index, lipid accumulation product and the risk and severity of knee osteoarthritis.
VAI, BRI, and LAP are closely linked to KOA, with significantly raised levels in patients showing positive correlation with disease severity, and combined detection providing superior predictive value (AUC 0.880) for KOA risk and prognosis.
Prediction Equations to Estimate Resting Metabolic Rate in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults.
Two novel population-specific RMR prediction equations for community-dwelling Chinese older adults outperform 11 widely used published equations, achieving 82.5% adequacy and minimal systematic bias compared to significant overestimation (+8.39% to +38.03%) by existing equations.
Adiposity-lipid-glycemic clusters as potential warning signals of bone mass reduction in Asia's largest urban communities - based bone health assessment via ultrasound.
This study found a high prevalence of bone mass reduction among Chinese adults aged 30-59 years, with FMI and age showing significant associations with reduced bone mass, and even HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and HbA1c values near reference limits but within normal ranges associated with bone mass reduction as potential early warning indicators.
Associations between physical fitness components and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study using relative strength indicators and ROC analysis.
Weight-normalized fitness indices, particularly the ASM ratio and relative grip strength, are informative for identifying prevalent MetS in middle-aged adults and support sex-specific screening thresholds suitable for clinical and community practice.
Changes in Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Lipid Profile in Children Diagnosed with Short Stature Who Undergo Growth Hormone Therapy: One Single-Center Experience.
Gender may be associated with treatment-related changes in body composition during pediatric rGH therapy, while maternal BMI may predict HDL-C variation, and rGH treatment appears to improve the sarcopenic index with minimal and variable effects on the lipid profile.
Effects of Diactive-1-Supported Progressive Resistance Training on Body Composition in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.
A 24-week progressive resistance training intervention delivered via the Diactive-1 mHealth app increased bone-related outcomes and was associated with modest gains in lean mass and a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in youths with type 1 diabetes.
Does the MC4R rs17782313 gene polymorphism affect the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation?
The MC4R rs17782313 variant is associated with increased adiposity but does not appear to affect acute substrate utilization during exercise, suggesting its contribution to obesity risk may be primarily mediated by behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms influencing energy intake rather than impairments in metabolic flexibility.
Exploring the association between adiposity, pain intensity, and effusion-synovitis in people with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study.
Preliminary results do not support an association of adiposity and its interaction with generalized inflammation with pain/effusion-synovitis adjusted for BMI in people with knee osteoarthritis.
Beyond mobility: A prospective study on diet and metabolism in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Progressive loss of muscle mass in HSP asks for an effective nutritional intervention combined with exercise in order to influence disease progression in HSP, and the SPG11-associated obese phenotype may evolve with disease progression due to multifactorial metabolic changes, beyond reduced mobility.
Unveiling sex-specific cardiometabolic and adiposity risk profiles for precision prevention.
Cardiometabolic risk emerges as a multidimensional construct shaped by distinct yet overlapping biological and behavioral domains, with sex and lifestyle exerting specific influences, underscoring the need for individualized, sex-specific prevention strategies.
Effects of multimodal nutritional intervention on nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients with systemic sclerosis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
This paper presents a study protocol for a parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to examine the effectiveness of multimodal nutritional intervention on nutritional status, quality of life, food intake, body composition, and fatigue in patients with systemic sclerosis over 8 weeks.
Does the energy expenditure associated with training influence reduced adiposity in practitioners of exercise? Data from a cross-sectional population study.
Greater energy expenditure during training was inversely correlated with adiposity markers, and linear regression indicated that achieving body fat below 20% required 9.07 kcal/kg per session in seven weekly sessions, yet only 15.2% of participants met this energy demand.
Predictive performance of the waist-to-height ratio and the conicity index for diagnosing excess body fat in children.
WHtR demonstrated good performance in predicting excess body fat in children and may be included in child health surveillance as an indicator of alterations in body composition, while the conicity index was classified as a poor predictor.
Adiposity trajectories from ages 11 to 22 years: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort.
Adiposity trajectories from ages 11 to 22 years show significant increases in body fat, with even more pronounced upward trajectories when mothers were overweight at the beginning of the trajectory.
The impact of body mass and posterior adiposity indices in robotic adrenalectomy.
Elevated BMI appears to prolong transabdominal robotic adrenalectomy, while PAI is not predictive of operative time in retroperitoneoscopic robotic adrenalectomy.
Serum FSTL-1 and AI-assessed muscle parameters in cancer-related malnutrition.
Reduced circulating FSTL-1 levels were independently associated with sarcopenia in patients with cancer-related malnutrition, indicating that FSTL-1 may act as a biomarker of impaired muscle quality and mass.
Impact of Thoracic Duct Resection on Postoperative Body Composition Trajectory After Oesophagectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study.
TDR was associated with a greater decline in sarcopenia-related indices, particularly within the first 3 months, but these effects were transient, reversible, and by 12 months sarcopenia-related indices were comparable between groups.
Mechanical Load-Capacity Models for Bone in Youth - Analysis of Risk Signatures.
Both structural and functional lean mass deficits are associated with reduced whole-body bone mineral density and arms/legs BMD imbalance in adolescents, reinforcing the importance of lean soft tissue in bone health monitoring.
Limited musculoskeletal benefits of artificial gravity combined with cycling during bed rest: Results from the BRACE study.
EX-AG provided partial protection against muscle atrophy and fat accumulation but did not outperform exercise alone in preserving muscle quality, strength or overall body composition during 60 days of head-down tilt bed rest.
Supplementation with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as the Main Dietary Factor Is Associated with the Omega-3 Index in Lithuanian Professional Athletes.
Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids was the main dietary factor significantly and positively associated with the estimated omega-3 index in professional athletes, with fish product consumption serving as an equally strong potential predictor.
Association of serum myokine levels with rapid degeneration in skeletal muscle quality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Changes in serum IGF-1 level following allo-HSCT may be associated with adverse alterations in skeletal muscle quality, suggesting this biomarker may be useful for guiding interventions aimed at preserving muscle quality and function.
Improved risk stratification in patients with colorectal liver metastases by incorporating volumetric body composition analysis.
Incorporating preoperative volumetric body composition signature into Clinical Risk Score and Tumor Burden Score can enhance risk stratification and prognosis prediction in colorectal liver metastases patients undergoing hepatectomy.
Novel adiposity indices and their role in identifying left ventricular hypertrophy among hypertensive individuals undergoing echocardiography.
BRI outperformed traditional and novel adiposity indices in identifying left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients, particularly when LVM was indexed to height2.7, suggesting BRI may represent a valuable tool in cardiovascular risk stratification.
Associations between total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio with the risk of osteoarthritis: Mediating role of systemic immune-inflammation index.
A higher fat-to-muscle mass ratio in all body regions is associated with a higher risk of osteoarthritis, which is partially mediated by systemic inflammation as measured by the systemic immune-inflammation index.
Reduced skeletal muscle mass and elevated phase angle are linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Japanese males.
Skeletal muscle loss and elevated phase angle affect the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Japanese male adults, but this relationship was not observed in females.
Utilisation of intramuscular and intermuscular fat to develop a new skeletal muscle grading score which can predict treatment outcomes for locally advanced rectal cancer.
A novel AI-derived skeletal muscle score (SMS) utilising skeletal muscle and intramuscular/intermuscular adipose tissue measurements is strongly correlated with treatment response and survival in rectal cancer patients, with SMS of zero yielding 0% complete response rate and SMS of four yielding 60% complete response rate.
Variability in BIA-Derived Muscle Mass Estimates: Device Choice Impacts Diagnostic Classification.
Muscle mass assessment by BIA is highly dependent on device choice, potentially leading to clinically relevant discrepancies in classification when rigid cut-offs are applied.
Study design and methodologies for the men moving forward lifestyle intervention trial with black prostate cancer survivors.
Men Moving Forward (MMF) is a randomized community-based lifestyle intervention trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a 16-week program developed with and for Black prostate cancer survivors, with body composition as the primary outcome.
Measurement of Skinfold Thickness in Subscapular Area to Monitor Hydration Status in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.
Simple measurements of skinfold thickness in the subscapular area may approximate changes of hydration status in chronic hemodialysis patients but are inferior to BIA spectroscopy for assessing hydration condition.
Sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and skeletal muscle loss as predictors of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing intra-arterial therapies.
Baseline sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and larger loss of skeletal muscle index are independently associated with poorer survival outcomes in patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Effects of a Walking-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Health Indicators in University Students: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
This paper presents a protocol for a randomized controlled trial analyzing the impact of a 14-week walking-based physical activity intervention on health indicators in university students, with recruitment beginning March 2026.
Evaluation of skeletal muscle indicators following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: verification of skeletal muscle mass adjustment.
Applying a dialysis-derived correction formula to skeletal muscle measurements may help correct overestimation of skeletal muscle mass due to increased body water content in the early post-transplant period, with adjusted ASM and phase angle both decreasing significantly after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Effect of Low-Lactose Processed Milk on Clinical Symptoms and Gut Microbiome Modulation in Lactose-Intolerant Adults.
Consuming low-lactose processed milk for 30 days improved lactose intolerance, body composition, and gut microbiota composition, providing a feasible dietary strategy for managing lactose intolerance in adults.
Preoperative assessment of sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia prevalence in bariatric surgery candidates over 60.
The high prevalence of SO (42%) and OSO (26.8%) in bariatric surgery candidates over 60 highlights the importance of comprehensive preoperative assessment, with sex and age-specific differences in body composition and sarcopenia severity underscoring the need for tailored interventions.
Maternal Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy and Adiposity from Early Childhood through Preadolescence.
Maternal diet during pregnancy may influence child BMI trajectories in race/ethnic-specific ways, with low adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet associated with higher BMI trajectories among White children but no overall association observed across the full cohort.
Machine Learning Prediction of Obesity Development in Children With Overweight Using Longitudinal Body Composition Data.
Machine learning (XGBoost) models using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance data achieved AUROC scores of 0.671 for males and 0.652 for females in predicting obesity development among overweight Korean children aged 7-9 years.
Seasonal changes in energy intake and emerging indicators of energy availability in young elite Nordic skiers.
Nordic skiers seem unable to increase energy intake sufficiently during the preparation period leading up to the competitive season, as demonstrated by a large discrepancy between changes in energy intake, especially CHO, and exercise volume.
Behavioral and dietary determinants of central adiposity assessed by ABSI in a mediterranean clinical sample.
In a Mediterranean clinical sample, ABSI identified behavioral and dietary correlates of body shape-related risk, with playing a sport inversely associated and nighttime eating, snacking between meals, and preference for sweet foods positively associated with higher ABSI values.
Significant reverse association between dietary selenium intake and visceral adiposity in the CODING study.
This study demonstrates a significant inverse association between dietary selenium intake and visceral adipose tissue, which is exclusively evident when intake is expressed relative to body weight (µg/kg/d), with a 10% increase in weight-adjusted Se intake associated with a 2.73% decrease in visceral adiposity.
Total energy expenditure and physical activity levels in functionally independent and limited older adults: A cross-sectional comparative study.
Despite lower physical activity, TEE was similar in functionally limited older adults compared with functionally independent older adults, suggesting that maintenance of TEE may be associated with preserved body composition and a higher metabolic cost per movement.
Physiologic and Perceptual Responses During Resistance Exercise With Self-Selected and Nonpreferred Music.
Self-selected music during resistance exercise led to more repetitions without increasing exertion or fatigue, with higher reported focus, energy, enjoyment, and motivation compared to nonpreferred music.
Enhancing Hypertension Risk Diagnosis Using a Hybrid Machine Learning Framework: Leveraging Body Composition Data.
A dual-scenario hybrid machine learning framework integrating unsupervised clustering with supervised classification using noninvasive body composition features achieved up to 98.23% accuracy for hypertension risk prediction, with clustering augmentation improving generalization particularly for ensemble-based learners.