Exercise & Training
436 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Knee osteoarthritis and minimal important change for the nine-step stair climb test.
The adjusted minimal important change (MIC) for improvement on the nine-step stair climb test in knee osteoarthritis patients was 2.2 seconds (95% CI: 1.5; 3.0) after 12 weeks of neuromuscular exercise.
Extended Restitution Between Sessions Does Not Enhance the Benefits of 12 Weeks Exercise-Based Treatment for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (The TEREX Trial).
Extended restitution (1 exercise day/week) was not superior to short restitution (3 exercise days/week) for any clinical, structural, or functional outcomes in a 12-week exercise-based treatment for patellar tendinopathy.
Shoulder characteristics in para athletes: A comparative analysis of range of motion, posture, and muscle function.
Para athletes across swimming, powerlifting, and throwing modalities show distinct shoulder characteristics, with swimmers demonstrating the lowest bilateral range of motion and powerlifters exhibiting greater shoulder postural alterations than swimmers bilaterally.
Effects of 5-Minute Light-Intensity Physical Activity Breaks (Sit-Cycling and Stand-Twisting) on Cognitive Function, Sleepiness, and Back Pain in Physically Inactive University Students: Protocol for a Mixed-Design Laboratory Study.
This protocol describes a mixed-design laboratory trial evaluating the acute and short-term delayed effects of two 5-minute light-intensity physical activity breaks (sit-cycling and stand-twisting) on prefrontal cortical oxygenation, cognitive performance, sleepiness, and back pain in physically inactive university students, with substudy results confirming both modalities fall within the LIPA range of <3 METs.
Content Validation and Perceived Value of Text Messages to Promote Physical Activity Among U.S. Older Adults and Care Partners.
Nine motivational text messages targeting physical activity scenarios demonstrated high content validity (item content validity index 0.86–1.00) and high perceived motivational value among both older adults and care partners, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups.
Increasing Physical Activity in Educational Settings Using Mixed Reality Technology: Iterative Formative Study.
Mixed reality technology can be used to elicit physical activity in a classroom setting, with students active for 46.0% and 62.4% of sessions in two rounds of pilot-testing while reporting 'good' acceptability scores.
Inclined treadmill walking kinetics of the non-paretic leg in early post-stroke survivors: an observational case-control study.
Early post-stroke survivors demonstrate significant compensatory adaptations in their non-paretic leg during both level and inclined treadmill walking, indicating that treating the non-paretic leg as a healthy limb is inadequate for rehabilitation.
Associations of total physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese adults: a prospective study.
Total physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause, CVD, and ischemic stroke death in Chinese adults, with the highest quartile of physical activity associated with 18%, 23%, and 51% lower mortality risk, respectively.
Quantifying differences in high-pressure region mapping between dynamic in-shoe and barefoot plantar pressure in diabetic subjects.
In-shoe and barefoot plantar pressure measurements show broadly consistent key loading areas, but barefoot data frequently identifies additional high-pressure regions not present in-shoe, suggesting that basing offloading insole design on threshold-based barefoot high-pressure regions could reduce specificity and limit pressure reduction for in-shoe high-pressure regions.
Effectiveness of the Components of a Digital Multiple Health Behavior Intervention Among University Students (Buddy): Factorial Randomized Trial.
Dismantling a complex digital multiple health behavior intervention using a factorial design revealed that screening and feedback and skills and know-how components most consistently affected fruit and vegetable consumption, with synergistic effects when combined, while some components showed potential harm for certain outcomes.
Regular Cold-Water Immersion Following HIIT Does Not Affect Intramuscular Adaptation Markers, Inflammatory Profile or Endurance Performance.
5 weeks of post-exercise cold-water immersion following HIIT did not influence the satellite cell pool, muscle inflammation status, muscle PGC-1α content, muscle morphological adaptations, V̇O2max, or running performance.
Effects of a functional training prehabilitation program supported by the Prehab® App on functional capacity in preoperative oncological patients.
A functional training prehabilitation program supported by the Prehab® App appears to be effective in improving functional capacity, physical activity and psychological status in cancer patients undergoing major surgery.
The impact of different intensities of physical activity on the risk of venous thromboembolism: A Mendelian randomization study.
This Mendelian randomization study revealed a significant association between vigorous physical activity and a reduced risk of venous thromboembolism (OR = 0.727, 95% CI = 0.576-0.920), while light and moderate physical activity did not achieve statistical significance.
Whole Body Vibration Acutely Decreases Medial Tibiofemoral Contact Force During Walking Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.
Whole-body vibration acutely decreases peak medial tibiofemoral contact force during walking following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, while local muscle vibration does not alter tibiofemoral contact or quadriceps forces.
Exploring the Validity of the Velocity Matters Linear Position Transducer in the Back Squat and Bench Press.
Velocity Matters may be cautiously used to monitor mean velocity during back squat at velocities <0.87 m·s-1, but does not provide sufficient accuracy for use in bench press across any load.
Physical Activity Modifies the Association between C-Reactive Protein - Triglyceride - Glucose Index (CTI) and Dyslipidemia: Evidence from a 10-Year Chinese Cohort.
Elevated CTI was prospectively associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, particularly in men and individuals in midlife, and physical activity appeared to modify this relationship over a 10-year follow-up period.
Real-time visual feedback affects peak propulsive horizontal force and metabolic cost in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation during walking.
Visual feedback of peak propulsive horizontal ground reaction force increased affected leg propulsive force and decreased asymmetry in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation, but incurred a greater metabolic cost when using either an ESAR or BiOM prosthesis.
Pain Inhibitory Mechanisms Are Unchanged but Facilitatory Mechanisms Are Decreased in Aerobically Fit Individuals Compared to Controls: A Controlled Exploratory Study.
Regular aerobic physical activity positively influences facilitatory pain mechanisms (temporal summation) but not inhibitory aspects (conditioned pain modulation) in healthy pain-free adults.
Effectiveness of exoskeleton training on turning-while-walking and balance control in subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury: protocol for a randomised clinical trial.
This protocol describes a multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of overground exoskeleton-assisted gait training compared with conventional training and usual care in improving turning-while-walking performance, balance control, and functional mobility in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury.
Quantifying the impact of modifiable risk factors on frailty: A population-attributable fraction analysis in older adults.
Lower educational attainment was the strongest contributor to frailty (PAF 19.9%), and together with lack of regular exercise, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, falls, cognitive impairment, arthritis, and stroke, these modifiable risk factors accounted for about 51.6% of the frailty burden in older adults.
Effect of Physical Activity on Drug Expenditures for the Physical and Mental Health of Primary Care Users.
More physically active primary care users spent on average USD 34.83 less on all medications and USD 4.34 less on psychotropics compared to less active individuals, reinforcing physical activity as a health promotion strategy and means to reduce public health expenditures.
Simulation-Driven Exoskeleton Control: Predicting Soft Pneumatic Gel Muscle Actuator Assistance to Reduce Metabolic Cost at Different Walking Speeds.
A bilevel optimization framework using musculoskeletal simulations predicted that pneumatic gel muscle actuators providing hip joint assistance could reduce estimated metabolic cost by 5.3-16.0% with coupled control and 10.5-17.5% with independent control across walking speeds.
Motor coordination in school-aged children with different nutritional statuses following a non-immersive virtual reality intervention.
A non-immersive virtual reality game protocol implemented for eight weeks did not significantly affect gross motor coordination in school-aged children, regardless of nutritional status, while younger children demonstrated better motor coordination and sedentary behavior time was high and similar across groups.
Effect of Nordic Walking on Anthropometrics, Glycemia, and Lipid Profile in Adults With Prediabetes or Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Nordic walking exerted beneficial effects on body weight, HbA1c, and HDL in adults with prediabetes or diabetes, supporting it as a practical intervention in managing or treating diabetic complications.
Assessing the association between health promotion initiatives and student nutritional status and lifestyle: a regional observational study from Italy.
While school-based health promotion practices and policies are widely implemented in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, their association with students' nutritional status, dietary habits and physical activity was limited.
Associations of Psychological Distress, Cognitive Function, and Physical Activity with Daily Functioning and Quality of Life Across Disability Levels in Multiple Sclerosis.
Psychological distress, cognitive function, and physical activity show distinct patterns of association with daily functioning and quality of life across disability levels in relapsing-remitting MS, with associations being more consistent in mild and moderate disability than in severe disability.
Bone Health in Former Artistic Gymnasts Aged 45 Years and Over: Case-Control Comparison with Controls and Reference Populations.
Early-life artistic gymnastics participation is associated with enduring skeletal benefits, including higher bone mineralization and reduced osteopenia/osteoporosis in adults aged 45 years and over, though the protective effect appears diminished in older females, likely reflecting prolonged postmenopausal bone loss.
Effect of prehabilitation before total knee replacement on postoperative patient-reported joint awareness, enablement and knee function: protocol for the PROTEKT randomised controlled trial.
This paper presents a protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (PROTEKT) investigating whether 8 weeks of prehabilitation added to standard care before total knee replacement improves postoperative patient-reported joint awareness, enablement and knee function.
Visual perturbation training to reduce visual dependency in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.
Visual perturbation training significantly decreased visual dependency and improved temporal gait characteristics compared to treadmill-only controls in early-to-mid-stage people with Parkinson's disease.
The role of prehabilitation in improving brain health and cognition after chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: Study protocol of the Chemo Brain Prehab Project.
This study protocol describes a randomised control trial designed to test whether home-based prehabilitation can improve brain health and reduce chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments in patients with colorectal cancer.
Effect of home-based isometric handgrip exercise with a commercially available device on blood pressure in older adults with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial.
Home-based isometric handgrip exercise using commercial spring devices at 20-50% MVC significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive older adults, representing 'a simple, safe, and affordable exercise option, suitable for those unable to perform standard aerobic activities.'
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Lower-Limb Muscle Activity in a Flywheel Half-Squat.
Superimposed whole-body vibration during flywheel half-squats elicited muscle- and gender-specific activation increases, with vibration at 30–40 Hz substantially amplifying posterior-chain and ankle stabilizer activation, particularly in females.
Exploring the associations between physical activity, self-esteem, grit, and sense of coherence among university students.
Physical activity was positively associated with sense of coherence among university students, with self-esteem and grit jointly mediating this relationship.
Single-Camera Knee Adduction Moment Estimation for Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis via a Novel Spatio-Temporal Graph Transformer Network.
A novel Spatio-Temporal Graph Transformer Network using a single-camera setup achieved KAM root mean square error of 0.48% BW·BH and peak KAM mean absolute error of 0.43% BW·BH, both within clinically meaningful error thresholds, suggesting feasibility for real-world gait assessment in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.
Investigating the Compliance With the 24-h Movement Behaviours Guidelines in Preschoolers: Insights From the SUNRISE Pilot Study in Portugal.
Compliance with WHO 24-h movement behaviour guidelines among Portuguese preschoolers varies depending on the assessment protocol used, with only about one-third of children meeting all guidelines simultaneously, while the SUNRISE protocol proved feasible for implementation in the Portuguese context.
Physiology of everyday sleep and physical activity: An exploratory mixed-methods study of multi-sensor wearables for infants and toddlers.
Wearable devices for young children hold potential but face significant design challenges for longitudinal home use at scale, and co-creation of child-friendly, practical hardware and software is essential for effective, large-scale health monitoring in young children.
Occupational Physical Activity and Blood Pressure: The Role of Leisure Time Physical Activity and Sex Differences.
Occupational physical activity showed sex-specific associations with systolic blood pressure, with OPA linked to elevated systolic BP in males with insufficient leisure-time physical activity and lower systolic BP in females regardless of LTPA levels.
Hydration, water requirements, and energy balance from spring to summer in free-living older adults: a doubly labelled water study.
Water turnover increased by 640 mL/day during summer compared to spring in free-living older adults, while total energy expenditure decreased significantly, indicating seasonal adaptation to hot weather.
Greater Ankle Plantar Flexor Work Is Predictive of Better Running Economy on Steep Uphill Grades.
Greater ankle plantar flexor work was predictive of better running economy when running on a 10% grade, suggesting that targeting the energy generation capacity of the plantar flexors may be worthwhile for improving uphill running economy.
The effect of bilateral knee osteoarthritis on spatiotemporal gait parameters during incline walking: implications for gait rehabilitation.
Bilateral KOA patients had significantly shorter step and stride lengths at all inclines and longer double support times during inclined walking, and showed a significant quadratic U-shaped trend in gait variability, suggesting 'a safety-first approach to walking characterized by shorter steps and prolonged double support times to ensure stability and load distribution even at the cost of gait efficiency.'
Minimum load threshold in resistance training: insights into muscle metabolism, excitation, and fatigue across the repetition continuum.
Critical load was detected at 31.7 ± 11.9% 1RM, suggesting a potential proximity between the critical load and the load associated with blood flow occlusion during contraction, which may represent a minimum load threshold for effective resistance training.
Psychophysiological effects of traditional cycling, virtual reality-enhanced cycling, and passive virtual reality exposure in young adults: A controlled within-subject study.
VR-enhanced cycling improves self-efficacy and enjoyment without reducing cardiovascular activation, whereas passive VR alone does not confer exercise benefits, suggesting VR-assisted exercise enhances positive psychological responses relevant to physical activity engagement.
Stroke Rate and Arm Coordination Management in Swimming in A Double Paralympic Triathlete Champion.
A Paralympic triathlete champion showed an optimal stroke rate of 44 cycle·min⁻¹ corresponding to his preferred 800m freestyle competition SR, and struggled with higher SR conditions associated with greater total energy expenditure, suggesting SR should be modulated around the preferred SR to optimise efficiency under varying current conditions.
Repeated Sprint Training in Heat Improves Repeated Sprint Ability Under Temperate Conditions Similarly in Active Males and Females.
Seven weeks of repeated sprint training in heat induced partial heat acclimation and increased the number of repeated sprints performed under temperate conditions in females, to the same extent as in males.
Vestibular dysfunction in people with diabetes is predicted by clinical measures of peripheral neuropathy and associated with imbalance and low physical activity.
Clinical measures of peripheral neuropathy predict abnormal otolith (utricle and saccule) vestibular function in people with diabetes, and absent utricle responses are associated with imbalance and low physical activity.
Physical Activity Indicators Among Children and Adolescents in Lebanon, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates: Comparative Synthesis of Active Healthy Kids Report Card Data From 1998 to 2022.
Data from a 25-year period show consistently low levels of PA and high levels of sedentary behavior among children and adolescents from Lebanon, Qatar, and the UAE, with less than one-third achieving recommended daily physical activity and more than one-half exceeding recommended screen time limits.
Self-Directed High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate Continuous Training on Cardiometabolic Health in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
HIIT and MCT equally reduce hepatic steatosis in patients with MASLD, suggesting exercise participation matters more than intensity for liver fat reduction, while HIIT provides superior cardiorespiratory benefits.
Assessing the impact of a tennis-themed sports video game on physical literacy and participation on physical activities among university students: A cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol.
This study protocol describes a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a tennis-themed sports video game (TopSpin 2K25) integrated into physical education lessons can enhance physical literacy and physical activity participation among university students.
Sprint Speed Measurement in a National Rugby Union Academy: An Equivalence Study of Three Measurement Systems, Age, and Playing Position.
Measurement comparisons showed practical equivalence only for Vmax between timing gates and LPS, suggesting they could be used interchangeably, while all age-group and positional differences were not practically important in young male rugby union academy players.
The impact of parenting styles on physical activity among adolescents: the mediating role of psychological resilience.
Greater parental emotional warmth and lower levels of paternal rejection are associated with increased physical activity levels among adolescents, with psychological resilience acting as a key mediator.