Exercise & Training
436 peer-reviewed studies indexed
The Views of Swim School Providers on Impacts of a Population-Level Swimming Lesson Voucher Program.
Most swim school providers reported increased enrolment (63%) and boosted income (58%) following the NSW government First Lap voucher program, alongside operational challenges in staffing and resourcing.
Strengthening and Targeted Rehabilitation for Optimal Neuromuscular Gains for chronic BACK pain (STRONG-BACK): protocol for a randomised controlled trial in participants with primary nociceptive pain drivers.
This paper describes the protocol for a two-arm randomised controlled trial (STRONG-BACK) comparing motor control plus isolated lumbar extension exercises to free-weight resistance training in reducing disability in chronic low back pain participants with predominant nociceptive pain profiles.
Effects of Acute Photobiomodulation on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Active Individuals: A Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial.
PBM applied to the vagus nerve in the infra-auricular region induced minimal acute modulation of autonomic complexity, with only a slight reduction in approximate entropy compared with controls and no significant differences in other HRV indices.
Behavior-biological mismatch in metabolic health: Evidence from South Korean adults before, during, and after COVID-19 (KNHANES 2019-2022).
The physically active but metabolically unhealthy (PA-NH) group increased from 31.2% to 34.0% between 2019 and 2022 in Korean adults, suggesting that adherence to PA guidelines alone is insufficient for cardiometabolic protection.
Does preferred technique influence how kinematics change during a run to exhaustion?-A cluster based approach.
Fatigue-induced running technique adaptations were similar across runners with different preferred styles, but persistent baseline differences between 'neutral pelvis' and 'tilted pelvis' clusters suggest these adaptations may have distinct mechanical or performance consequences.
StepsConnect: A Real-Time Step-Sensing Ambient Display System to Support Connectedness for Family Members Living Apart.
Aesthetic step-based ambient visualization primarily supports momentary relational awareness rather than immediate shifts in stable closeness, functioning as a complementary presence layer in intergenerational contexts.
Which matters more for preventing knee replacements: reducing overactivity or combating inactivity?
Optimizing daily PA levels, particularly by reducing excessive PA to optimal levels, was most beneficial for reducing the risk of knee replacement surgery in older adults with or at risk for knee OA.
Beyond person-centered approaches: Integrating individual, sociodemographic and socio-spatial factors to better understand active and sustainable mobility.
A mixed-methods study found that active and sustainable mobility is predicted by a complex system of socio-spatial, sociodemographic, and individual factors, with socio-spatial factors (transport pass, trip chain complexity), sociodemographic factors (having children aged 12+), and individual factors (car attitudes, ASM habits, perceived health) functioning as independent predictors.
Biomechanical Analysis of the Breaststroke Kick in Young Swimmers Using Wearable Inertial Sensors: An Exploratory Pilot Study.
This exploratory pilot study found that wearable inertial measurement units are feasible for biomechanical analysis and technique monitoring of the breaststroke kick in young swimmers, with improvements observed in swimming times and technique scores following a five-session sensor-assisted intervention.
Exploring the emotional and behavioral dimensions of childhood obesity: the role of shame, guilt, and eating patterns.
Children with obesity reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, emotional eating, and restrictive eating along with lower physical activity and increased screen time, while guilt was positively correlated with emotional eating in both groups but shame was significantly associated with problematic eating patterns only in children without obesity.
Influence of basal physical activity and air quality on a walking programme in patients with COPD.
AQI did not affect walking programme outcomes in COPD patients, while baseline sedentary status (YPAS scores) and FEV₁ were key predictors of success.
Valuing Australian parent preferences for community-based nutrition and physical activity initiatives: a discrete choice experiment.
Parents preferred less costly community-based obesity prevention interventions that aim to address both healthy lifestyles and climate change, and were willing to pay an additional $3.97 per fortnight for convenient participation.
Differential impact of various in-class physical exercise interventions on cognitive function and mathematics achievement in primary school children.
Both physical (BALANCE) and non-physical (MENTAL) breaks were associated with improvements in concentration and mathematics performance, with only BALANCE and MENTAL groups showing significant improvements in both easy and complex math exercises.
Evaluation of Smartphone Camera Positioning on Artificial Intelligence Pose Estimation Accuracy for Exercise Detection: Observational Study.
AI-based pose estimation effectiveness for exercise tracking is significantly affected by smartphone positioning, with diagonal and frontal views at mid-range distances (180-200 cm) providing the highest detection accuracy and counting precision for push-ups and squats.
Disparities in pedestrian crossing and driver yielding behaviors: evidence from a large-scale observational study at urban intersections.
Male, Black, visibly housing-insecure, and solo pedestrians are significantly more likely to cross non-compliantly and encounter lower driver-yielding rates, with non-compliant pedestrian crossing behavior being the strongest predictor of driver failure to yield.
The Influence of Eight-section Brocade Exercise Combined with Prokin Balance Training Device on Balance Function and Walking Ability of Elderly Stroke Hemiplegic Patients.
The combination of Eight-section Brocade exercise and Prokin balance training device can effectively improve the balance function of stroke hemiplegic patients and has a significant promoting effect on improving patients' walking ability, proprioceptive ability, and activities of daily living.
Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and neck pain, disability index, and cervical physiological function in university students: a cross-sectional study.
SB negatively affects cervical health in university students, whereas PA is associated with better neck function indicators, and the combined effect of high SB and low PA exacerbates disability index and further deteriorates cervical physiological function.
A Scale for Older adults' decisional balance regarding physical ACTIVity (SO-ACTIV): development and validation in a French sample.
The SO-ACTIV is a brief, theory-based 26-item instrument that captures facilitators and barriers to physical activity among French-speaking older adults across intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental, and organizational levels, with strong psychometric qualities supporting its use in research and intervention guidance.
High Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Vigorous Physical Activity Relate to Select Pain Sensitivity Assessments in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.
CRF or vigorous PA metrics were more consistently related to static pressure QST (PPT) than to dynamic QST (TS and CPM), and findings in a single cohort mirror the inconsistencies noted across cohorts in the literature.
Effects of 4-Week Treadmill Running at Different Intensities on Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia and Endogenous Pain Modulation in Healthy Individuals.
A 4-week low-to-moderate intensity treadmill running improved acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) response by enhancing endogenous pain modulation in healthy individuals.
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Release After the 20-m Shuttle Run Test in 733 Healthy Children and Adolescents.
The 20-m shuttle run test induces a significant increase in hs-cTnT concentrations in children and adolescents, with exercise-induced hs-cTnT release being common but highly heterogeneous and only partly explained by sex, maturational, anthropometric, and fitness-related factors.
Associations between physical activity, fitness, cognitive and academic performance in Swedish adolescents: Findings from a cross-sectional study.
Fitness was the only significant factor associated with cognitive and academic performance in Swedish adolescents, although the association was weak, with cognitive performance mediating 40% of the association between fitness and academic grades.
Tailored Online Physical Activity Coaching for Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Cognitive and Mental Health Concerns: Single-Arm Pre-Post Intervention Study.
A tailored 12-week online home-based physical activity intervention for middle-aged and older adults with cognitive concerns and mental health symptoms was acceptable, feasible, and safe, and led to significant increases in physical activity guideline adherence, reductions in dementia risk and mental health symptoms, and progression through stages of change.
Associations Between School-Based Recess Interventions and Student Chronic Absenteeism in Low-Income California Schools.
Playworks exposure, especially at high doses, is associated with lower chronic absenteeism in low-income elementary schools, especially among Hispanic students.
Association between health literacy at discharge and post-discharge step count in stroke survivors: A prospective cohort study.
Health literacy at the acute stroke phase was significantly associated with post-discharge step count (B = 93.07, p = 0.025) but not with sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity three months after discharge.
[Efficacy of 1.4% solution for infusion arginine sodium succinate in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis of lower limbs (international clinical study)].
Arginine sodium succinate (Unifuzol) demonstrated statistically significant superiority over pentoxifylline in increasing maximum walking distance and pain-free walking distance in patients with stage II peripheral arterial disease, proving 'one and a half times more effective than pentoxifylline.'
The association between sexual activity frequency and depression: The moderating role of physical activity.
Regular physical activity may buffer the adverse psychological effects of low sexual activity on depression, with this moderating effect evident among males but not females.
A machine learning-supported path analysis to uncover the behavioral pathways in pedestrian-involved traffic crashes.
A path analysis framework integrated with interpretable machine learning models was used to uncover behavioral pathways in pedestrian-involved crashes, finding that multiple factors both directly and indirectly (through pre-crash behaviors) contribute to pedestrian injury severity.
Effects of a virtual nature-enhanced stationary bike on stress reduction and health promotion.
A virtual nature-enhanced stationary bike program was associated with more favorable changes in vigorous-intensity physical activity, perceived stress, muscle mass, and body fat compared to a traditional stationary bike program, though findings should be interpreted cautiously due to baseline group differences.
Assessing the Link Between Physical Activity and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Taxi Drivers: A Comparison of Accelerometry and Self-Report Measures.
Taxi drivers exhibit high MSD prevalence, extreme sedentary exposure, and marked overestimation of PA in self-reports, and neither self-reported nor accelerometer-measured physical activity was significantly associated with 7-day MSD prevalence.
Retraining Gastrocnemius Muscle Coordination Reduces Late-Stance Knee Contact Force in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis.
Individuals with knee osteoarthritis can reduce gastrocnemius EMG and late-stance knee contact force in a brief period of training using haptic biofeedback, suggesting the potential of muscle coordination retraining as a non-surgical intervention for knee osteoarthritis.
How do physical activity and social media use predict the study wellbeing profile of comprehensive school students?
Using latent profile analysis, five study wellbeing profiles were identified among Finnish comprehensive school students, with physical activity and social media use showing differential associations across profiles, and significant differences by school level, gender, and class-level clustering.
Understanding User Perspectives to Inform Personalized Physical Activity Promotion in a Health Care App: Qualitative Focus Group Interview Study.
Health care app users were unfamiliar with the term 'physical activity' but recognized the importance of movement and reducing sedentary behavior, with motivators including mood improvement, physical appearance changes, and family support, while barriers included work-related time restrictions, fatigue, weather, and social pressure in workplace settings.
Impact of cold air exposure on respiratory physiology during light-to-moderate physical activity in healthy adults.
Cold air exposure significantly alters ventilatory patterns during light-to-moderate physical activity, with increased ventilation at 0°C primarily mediated by increases in tidal volume rather than breathing frequency.
Early Post-TAVI Physical Activity After Eccentric Training Compared to Standard Practice - Results of a Feasibility Study.
Initiating eccentric training within the first few postoperative days after TAVI was feasible but associated with considerable barriers and might not provide short-term functional benefit compared with standard care.
An Early-Stage Digital Therapeutic Intervention to Enhance Affective Response During Physical Activity Among Adults With Overweight or Obesity: Benchmark-Driven Formative Testing Study.
The eMOTION DTx exceeded all a priori benchmarks for safety, plausibility, accessibility, usability, sustainability, feasibility, and equity, and is therefore ready for a full-scale efficacy trial.
A Longitudinal Study of Children's Hippocampal Development: Investigating Maternal Physical Activity, Depression, and Education.
Prenatal maternal physical activity, depression, and education were not significantly associated with hippocampal structure in children, while significant age-related changes and sex differences in hippocampal development were observed from early childhood to early adolescence.
Comparison of consumer-grade wearable devices with a research-grade instrument for measuring physical activity in a free-living setting.
Consumer-grade wearables showed largely consistent step counts with the research-grade ActiGraph, but demonstrated more limited accuracy for MVPA and PAEE, particularly at higher activity levels, underscoring that device selection must be carefully guided by the specific metric of interest.
Range of Motion and Intensity Achieved During a Single Session of Targeted Robot-Assisted Exercise in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.
A novel robot-assisted exercise system led individuals with Parkinson's disease through different joint ranges of motion in a fun and effective manner, achieving acceptable exercise intensity and immediate improvements in standing forward reach.
Long-term health-related quality of life and lifestyle behavior of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
AML survivors experience clinically relevant physical limitations and a high comorbidity burden even many years after diagnosis, with physical inactivity identified as the only independent factor associated with worse HRQoL.
Validity of Stryd Running Power for Estimating Metabolic Demand During Incline Treadmill Running.
Although Stryd slightly underestimated metabolic power (~2%-4%) at steeper inclines, running at a fixed Stryd power yielded relatively consistent indications of metabolic demand across incline conditions, suggesting it is a useful metric to guide training during incline treadmill running.
Incidental Lifestyle Physical Activity and Its Relationships With Overall Frailty and Frailty Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese.
Incidental lifestyle physical activity (ILPA) was negatively associated with overall frailty and multiple domains of frailty in community-dwelling older Japanese adults, underscoring the importance of promoting increased ILPA in daily experience.
The Effects of Walking Speed on Three-Dimensional Foot Rigidity and Multisegment Coordination.
Faster walking speed reduced foot joint rigidity and resulted in more tightly regulated multisegment coordination, characterized by more synchronized movement and decreased variability, with the exception of midfoot-forefoot which showed greater antiphase movement during late stance.
Easy or difficult? Investigating perceived ease of changing eating and physical activity behaviors.
Young adults found increasing consumption and high-intensity PA easiest to change while older adults found reducing consumption and sedentary behavior easiest, suggesting tailored intervention design should integrate users' perceived easiness to change relevant aspects of the target behavior, which may change based on age.
Lack of Successful Implementation of Cancer Rehabilitation Guidelines: A Mixed-methods Study Highlighting Need for Better Preconditions in Primary Care.
Primary care practitioners reported limited preconditions for cancer rehabilitation implementation, including lack of knowledge, insufficient time, and organizational barriers, with 95% having not read cancer rehabilitation guidelines.
Association between adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines and the prevalence and mortality of osteoarthritis: A population-based study.
Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines is associated with lower OA prevalence and markedly reduced mortality risk among affected individuals.
Sex Differences in Running Performance Among 8-and-Under and 9-10-Year-Old Children in US Regional Track Championships.
Sex-based differences in running performance are evident by ages 8-10 years and extend across the full spectrum of competitors, not solely elite youth athletes.
Development, Construct Validity, and Reliability Testing of a Revised Version of the Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People With Spinal Cord Injury.
The revised Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury [LTPAQ-SCI(R)] demonstrated preliminary evidence of validity and reliability as a measure of minutes per week of aerobic and strength-training LTPA in individuals with SCI.
A Pilot Feasibility Study of a Group-Based Remote-Delivered Dyadic Exercise Intervention in Hispanic Men With Prostate Cancer and Their Caregivers.
HACER was feasible and acceptable with modest improvements in physical and psychosocial health, especially for Hispanic survivors, showing promise as a scalable intervention when cancer survivors and caregivers train together.
Morphological and mechanical properties of the knee extensors between strength training and cross-training practitioners: A cross-sectional study.
Cross-training practitioners demonstrated higher knee extensor peak torque at all tested velocities and higher 1RM squat compared to strength training practitioners, despite no differences in fascicle length, muscle thickness, stiffness, or specific tension between groups.