Body Composition
496 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Evaluation of malnutrition at hospital admission using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria: comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference for muscle mass assessment.
The GLIM criteria provide a standardised, clinically relevant approach for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalised patients, with calf circumference emerging as a highly sensitive assessment to examine muscle mass, outperforming bioelectrical impedance analysis-based appendicular skeletal muscle measurement.
Meeting physical activity guidelines in conjunction with higher protein intake: associations with appendicular lean soft tissue index in middle aged adults with cancer.
Meeting vigorous or moderate physical activity guidelines in combination with higher protein intake was not associated with appendicular lean soft tissue index in middle-aged adults with cancer, but meeting both vigorous and moderate physical activity guidelines with higher protein intake was positively linked to ALSTI.
Differential Associations of Visceral Adiposity with Pulmonary Function Impairment by Sex: Identification of a Male-Specific Risk Threshold.
A potential threshold effect at VAI ≈ 103 was observed in males beyond which risk of pulmonary function impairment appeared to increase, while a more linear association was suggested in females, though the VAI × sex interaction term was not statistically significant (P = 0.095).
Combining structured exercise with a low-energy diet to attenuate lean mass loss in South Asian adults living with type 2 diabetes: the COMBINE randomised trial protocol.
This paper describes the protocol for a prospective, randomised, two-arm parallel-group trial examining whether combining a low energy diet with supervised exercise attenuates lean mass loss compared to low energy diet alone in South Asian adults living with type 2 diabetes and excess adiposity.
Beyond aggregate volume-Accelerometer-derived activity phenotypes reveal a decoupling of lean mass and function: A cross-sectional study.
High activity volume accumulated via structured patterns is associated with preserved appendicular lean mass but does not translate to improved grip strength, implying that consolidated sedentary behavior compromises neuromuscular performance despite adequate total movement.
Sex-specific differences between C-reactive protein and appendicular lean soft tissue index in heart failure: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
CRP is associated with ALSTI in males with HF, highlighting the need for sex-specific investigations through longitudinal and experimental studies.
Phase angle reference values derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis in chinese multi-ethnic adults.
Age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific reference values for Phase Angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis were developed for Chinese adults aged 20-80 years across Han, Korean, and Yao ethnic groups, with PhA values peaking earlier in men than women and declining after midlife.
Adipo-Myokine Modulation in Obesity: Integrative Effects of Spinach Thylakoids and Functional Training in Men with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Twelve weeks of HIFT is an effective primary driver for modulating the adipo-myokine network in obese men, while thylakoid supplementation showed only potential for selective complementary effects on certain myokines that did not reach clinical superiority over exercise alone.
From Fetal Growth Restriction to Adolescent Cardiometabolic Risk: The Impact of Catch-Up Growth and Adiposity.
Postnatal growth acceleration, rather than fetal size alone, drives early cardiometabolic susceptibility following FGR through adiposity-mediated and endocrine pathways.
Assessment of the Predictive Potential of Pediatric Relative Fat Mass Compared to Alternative Measures of Obesity for Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children: Longitudinal Associations During Two-Year Follow-Up.
RFMp (relative fat mass pediatric index) proved to be the best predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness over a two-year period in school-age children, demonstrating advantage over BMI, %BF, WC, WHtR, WHR, TMI, and waist-BMI ratio in both boys and girls.
Network and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of Adipokine Drivers of Prostate Cancer; Unravelling the Mechanistic Link Between Excess Adiposity and Prostate Cancer Risk.
Network and gene set enrichment analysis of adipokine drivers identifies MCP-1, IL-1β, and CXCL1 as prominent biomarkers mechanistically linking Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease to prostate cancer risk, with gut microbiome dysbiosis and periprostatic white adipose tissue exposure to the prostate microbiome emerging as key pathways.
Inverse association of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 with epicardial and intrathoracic adiposity in older adults: The Longenity study.
Higher IGFBP-1 levels were statistically significantly associated with lower epicardial and intrathoracic adipose tissue, particularly in offspring of parents with exceptional longevity, suggesting circulating IGFBP-1 may be a novel biomarker for visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic risk stratification.
Family Affluence and Lifestyle Behaviors as Determinants of Fat Mass Index in University Students: A Sex-Specific Structural Equation Modeling Approach.
In university students, proximal lifestyle indicators showed stronger direct associations with fat mass index than family affluence, with physical activity representing the strongest protective factor in both sexes.
Differential effects of adolescent health behaviours on adult cardiometabolic health by parental and neighbourhood socioeconomic background.
Socioeconomic backgrounds modified the effects of adolescent physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption on adult cardiometabolic health, indicating that population-wide interventions promoting healthy behaviours during adolescence have the potential to either mitigate or exacerbate long-term socioeconomic inequalities in cardiometabolic health.
Association of Relative Fat Mass with Incident Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults: A 14-Year Analysis of the ELSA and HRS Cohorts.
Higher relative fat mass (RFM) was prospectively associated with incident depressive symptoms in two national cohorts of older adults and demonstrated superior time-varying discrimination compared with BMI and waist circumference, supporting RFM as a pragmatic tool for late-life depressive symptoms risk stratification.
Imaging-based prognostic factors in patients undergoing thermal ablation for colorectal liver metastases. A retrospective study on the role of sarcopenia parameters and tumor burden score.
In patients treated with thermal ablation for colorectal liver metastases, psoas muscle volume index (PMVI) showed significant association with 1-year survival, which was not observed for conventional tumor burden score or other sarcopenia-related imaging parameters.
Agreement and systematic difference between bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for appendicular lean mass in 1617 community-dwelling older adults: The Bunkyo Health Study.
InBody 770 and Hologic DXA provide highly correlated ALM estimates but show a systematic method/device difference (~10% on average), which materially impacts low muscle mass screening prevalence, though recalculation from impedance variables, a simple ~1.10 scaling, or InBody-specific cut-offs can improve agreement with DXA-referenced estimates.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured lean mass and clinical bone fracture in elderly Japanese men: the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) cohort study.
DXA-based appendicular lean mass predicts future clinical bone fractures in elderly Japanese men, with odds ratios for arm lean mass, leg lean mass, and leg-to-trunk lean mass ratio significantly lower than 1.0 after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
Agreement between bioelectrical impedance analysis and equation-derived estimates of appendicular skeletal muscle in acutely hospitalized multiethnic older patients.
Furushima's equation aligns better with BIA-measured ASM than COCONUT and may complement handgrip strength in sarcopenia screening, though subgroup-specific biases require caution.
Perirenal Fat Thickness Is Associated With Disturbed Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Essential Hypertension.
PRFT is independently associated with disturbed circadian BP rhythm beyond general and visceral adiposity, and as a quantifiable CT biomarker shows potential clinical utility for assessing high-risk BP rhythm phenotypes.
Comparison and assessment of anthropometric index with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: two prospective cohort studies in China.
Relative fat mass (RFM) had the highest hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in both women (HR per SD = 2.42) and men (HR per SD = 2.22), and abdominal adiposity indices outperformed general adiposity indices such as BMI in predicting T2DM risk.
Polygenic scores capture genetic modification of the adiposity-cardiometabolic risk factor relationship.
A generalized pipeline for developing and comparing interaction-based, variance-based, and standard polygenic scores identified significant PGS-by-BMI interactions for 16/20 cardiometabolic risk factors, most consistently using the interaction PGS approach, with many interactions replicating in All of Us.
Sex-specific longitudinal associations between repeatedly measured movement behaviours and adiposity measures in school-aged children: a compositional data analysis approach.
This study highlights sex-specific associations of movement behaviours with adiposity in school-aged children, with replacing LPA/SB with MVPA reducing BMI and abdominal adiposity in both sexes, while sleep replacement benefits were observed only in boys, suggesting the need for gender-sensitive approaches in lifestyle interventions.
Chinese visceral adiposity index as stronger predictor of hypertension and prehypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: A comparative analysis with conventional adiposity indices.
CVAI is significantly associated with hypertension and prehypertension, surpassing conventional indices in predictive power for these conditions in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
Assessment of muscle wasting in intensive care unit patients with and without COVID-19 using ultrasound imaging and bioimpedance analysis.
ICU patients with and without COVID-19 experienced comparable degrees of muscle wasting and weakness when adjusted for baseline characteristics, suggesting ICU-AW is more closely associated with the severity of critical illness and ICU treatments than with SARS-CoV-2 infection itself.
Correlation between Chinese visceral adiposity index and incidence of hypertension across different blood pressure status: a cohort study.
CVAI emerged as an independent risk factor for incident hypertension with a linear dose-response relationship, with the association being stronger in the elevated BP group (OR 3.21) than in the normal BP group (OR 1.77) when comparing highest to lowest quartiles.
Liver iron levels are associated with HFE-hemochromatosis genotype, diet, adiposity, and disease in the UK Biobank.
Undiagnosed C282Y homozygotes had higher liver iron than diagnosed individuals, and genetic and environmental factors including alcohol intake, red/processed meat consumption, adiposity, and transferrin saturation influence liver iron concentration beyond HFE genotype.
ACE-031, a soluble activin type IIB receptor, increases muscle mass and strength in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
ACE-031, a soluble activin type IIB receptor, significantly increased lean body mass, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and ex vivo force production in common marmosets, providing optimism that targeting multiple negative regulators of skeletal muscle may be beneficial in treating myopathies in humans.
Sensitivity of body mass index as a current criterion of nutrition: new body mass index redefinition for young adults.
The existing standard BMI criteria for young adults are not specifically accurate regarding obesity, and the authors propose to redefine BMI nutritional status criteria based on percentage of body fat for young adult subjects.
Densitometry Versus Bioimpedance for Modeling Vitamin D-Endocrine and Metabolic Associations in Pediatric Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Parallel-Modality Analysis.
In children with established obesity, seasonal and age factors dominate 25(OH)D variability while adiposity contributes little within-group, vitamin D shows endocrine but not metabolic associations, and DXA does not outperform BIA for physiologic modeling.
Usefulness of the bioimpedance phase angle in identifying older adults with poor muscle properties: The Shizuoka study.
Leg phase angle may help identify individuals with reduced skeletal muscle mass and increased fat infiltration into the muscle who were overlooked by conventional physical performance assessments alone.
Impact of a 12-week calisthenic exercise regimen on glycaemic regulation and cardiovascular endurance in individuals with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. A randomized controlled trail.
Structured calisthenic exercise over twelve weeks is an efficient, low-cost, and easily accessible method for enhancing glycemic control and cardiovascular fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Effects of combined training on heart rate variability and cardiac function and structure in individuals with grade 1 obesity.
24 weeks of combined training promotes favorable cardiac functional adaptations closely associated with enhanced HRV, while simultaneously reducing visceral adiposity and improving clinical variables in obese middle-aged men.
Dietary vitamins A and K are inversely associated with visceral adiposity in US adults: NHANES 2011-2018.
VAT was positively correlated with higher intakes of carbohydrates, fat, and sodium, and inversely correlated with several micronutrients—most consistently with vitamins A and K, based on NHANES 2011-2018 cross-sectional data.
Association of trajectories of sex-specific quintiles of predicted lean mass and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study.
Trajectories of sex-specific quintiles of predicted lean mass, especially long-term high predicted lean body mass, may be associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Visceral adiposity measured by Body Roundness Index linked to higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in osteoarthritis: Results from NHANES 1999 to 2018.
BRI exhibited a J-shaped nonlinear association with all-cause mortality with a threshold at 4.40, and a linear association with cardiovascular mortality in OA patients, supporting BRI as a valuable risk stratification tool in OA management.
Evaluation of Skinfolds Based Predictive Equations for Estimating Body Fat Percentage in Older Adults: A Comparison Using Digital Adipometer (Lipowise) and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA).
Skinfold equations differed significantly from DXA-derived body fat percentage in older adults, with only moderate agreement (Kappa 0.54-0.59), highlighting the need for age-specific prediction models.
The relationship between lipid accumulation products and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the North of Iran: a cross-sectional study.
The present research provides robust evidence that a higher LAP index is strongly associated with higher odds of NAFLD and hepatic steatosis in an Iranian population.
Cardiometabolic index predicts postoperative atrial fibrillation after isolated CABG: ROC-based comparison with BMI and visceral adiposity indices.
The cardiometabolic index (CMI) emerged as a significant predictor for postoperative atrial fibrillation following isolated CABG (OR: 4.054, 95% CI: 1.77-9.23; p=0.010), demonstrating superior predictive performance compared to BMI and visceral adiposity index while showing comparable diagnostic value to lipid accumulation product and body roundness index.
Effectiveness and metabolic impacts of restricting the consumption of ultra-processed foods in individuals with obesity submitted to energy restriction: a randomized clinical trial.
The proposed intervention resulted in significantly smaller decreases in UPF intake than expected and induced only a statistically, but non-clinically significant, greater weight loss compared to the generic energy restriction group.
Changes in Components of Sarcopenia Diagnostic Criteria Throughout the Surgical Treatment of Oesophagogastric Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.
Despite a high prevalence of low skeletal muscle index and myosteatosis in oesophagogastric cancer surgery patients, sarcopenia (defined using EWGSOP2 criteria) was less common, with low muscle mass combined with adequate strength and function being a prominent feature throughout the surgical treatment period.
Effectiveness of protein supplementation combined with resistance training to counteract disproportional fat-free mass loss following metabolic bariatric surgery: rationale and design of the ENRICHED randomised controlled trial.
The ENRICHED randomised controlled trial protocol describes a study of 400 patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery randomised to a perioperative care programme combining resistance training and protein supplementation versus standard care, with the primary endpoint being the prevalence of disproportional fat-free mass loss (FFML/total weight loss ≥30%) at 3 months post-surgery.
The association of screen time with childhood obesity and metabolic status: a mediation analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness.
In Chinese children, lower screen time was associated with more favorable obesity-related profiles, with cardiorespiratory fitness playing as a significant mediator in this association.
Prognostic Value of Body Fat Density in Colorectal Cancer Adjuvant Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Intermediate visceral adipose tissue radiodensity confers survival advantage while elevated subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity may attenuate adjuvant treatment efficacy, reinforcing adipose radiodensity as a clinically relevant prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.
Associations Between Klotho/FGF-Related Protein Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Inflammation, and Muscle Function in Middle-Aged Adults with Obesity: A Pilot Study.
Obese middle-aged adults exhibited lower Klotho and higher TNF-α levels in PBMCs compared to healthy controls, with PCA revealing that higher Klotho levels were positively associated with better muscle function and lower inflammatory markers, suggesting Klotho/FGF system alterations may reflect biological pathways associated with aging-related phenotypes in obesity.
Household Food Insecurity Is Associated With Higher Adiposity Over Time Among Adolescents in Louisiana.
Food-insecure adolescents exhibited significantly greater increases in BMIp95, waist circumference, total body fat percentage, and visceral adipose tissue mass over 2 years compared to food-secure peers.
IL-6 as an integrative biomarker of residual inflammation and visceral adiposity in psoriasis: a VAI threshold-dependent model.
IL-6 elevation in psoriasis primarily reflects cytokine-driven residual inflammation, with non-linear amplification once visceral adiposity exceeds a critical threshold of VAI 1.3, suggesting IL-6 as an integrative biomarker for early cardiometabolic risk stratification.
Early Life Added Sugars and Associated Appetite, Satiety, Growth and Adiposity in the First 2 Years of Life.
Among children ≤ 2 years, added sugar intake ≥ 7 g/d was associated with suboptimal growth, central adiposity, and less favourable eating behaviours, while longer breastfeeding duration may protect against added sugar exposure.
Assessing the diagnostic ability of adiposity measures to identify cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in South African corporate employees.
BRI and LAP may be considered as alternative and complementary adiposity measures for CMD screening in corporate executives with high MetS and obesity prevalence, with WC cut-points for CMD risk found to be higher than internationally accepted IDF guidelines in this South African corporate population.
Body fat percentage is independently associated with lower pulmonary function in Korean never-smokers: A cross-sectional analysis of 33,748 adults.
BF% is independently and inversely associated with pulmonary function and is selectively linked to restrictive ventilatory impairment, offering more refined respiratory risk stratification than BMI in Korean never-smokers.