Exercise & Training
436 peer-reviewed studies indexed
Effects of Structured Physical Exercise Program and Medication on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Six weeks of physiotherapist-led structured physical exercise program added to routine medication improved glycemic control, physical fitness, and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh.
Effectiveness of Aquatic Occupational Therapy to Support Water Competency of Children on the Autism Spectrum.
Children on the autism spectrum demonstrated improved caregiver- and therapist-based water competency goals following the AquOTic intervention, with effect sizes of d = 2.1-2.3.
Absence of Sex Difference in Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Among the Elite Sportspersons: Further Evidence Among the Polish Swimmers.
Female swimmers, particularly elite groups, showed 'masculine' 2D:4D similar to their male counterparts, with no sex difference evident in any swimmers' groups, suggesting positive selection for masculinised digit ratio among females in highly competitive professional sports.
Comparison between moderate-load and high-load exercises in the rehabilitation of runners with Achilles tendinopathy: Protocol for a blind randomized controlled trial.
This paper presents a protocol for a blind randomized controlled trial comparing moderate-load (55% 1RM throughout) versus high-load (55% to 90% 1RM progressive) exercise interventions in 60 amateur runners with Achilles tendinopathy, with equal training volume between groups.
Running with an exotendon reduces compressive knee contact force.
Running with an exotendon reduces peak knee compressive contact force by 8.4% primarily through lower quadriceps forces, while not altering hip or ankle joint contact forces.
Effectiveness of Total Body Resistance Exercise Intervention on Sleep Quality Among Nursing Staff.
A 12-week TRX training program performed twice a week demonstrated positive effects in improving overall sleep quality, enhancing subjective sleep quality, and alleviating daytime dysfunction among nursing staff.
Onset of Depressive Symptoms and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Habits and Willingness Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.
The gap between willingness to exercise and lack of a daily habit can increase the risk of depression in older adults, with the 'willing but no habit' group showing significantly higher odds of developing depressive symptoms compared to the habitual exercise group.
Personalization of military load carriage simulations affects muscle and joint contact forces.
Personalized muscle strength and segment mass distribution scaling in musculoskeletal simulations significantly affects joint contact impulses and peak forces, with personalized muscle strength scaling producing greater joint contact impulses at the lumbar (42%), hip (25%), and knee (8%) compared to non-personalized models.
App-supported versus conventional college physical education: Effects on standardized physical fitness scores and exercise motivation in Chinese university students.
Integrating mobile applications into college PE can enhance skill-related fitness, and the observed motivation profile provides context for students' engagement with the app-supported model, supporting the adoption of blended learning approaches in higher education.
Effect of fatigue on neuromuscular adaptations in endurance-trained and recreationally active males.
While endurance-trained and recreationally active males exhibited similar levels of fatigue during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction, the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms differed, with endurance-trained individuals showing a lower rate of increase in MFCV with increasing voluntary force and unchanged MFCV and MDF during fatiguing contractions compared to recreationally active individuals.
From Sensation to Anxiety: The Mediating Effect of Physical Sensation and Experiential Avoidance on Exercise Anxiety Among College Students.
Negative physical sensation and experiential avoidance play significant mediating and chain-mediating roles between endurance exercise and exercise anxiety among college students.
Contributions of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance to interindividual variability in peak exercise blood pressure in young adults.
In normotensive young adults, higher peak exercise systolic blood pressure during cycling is associated with larger cardiac output (likely linked to higher aerobic fitness), whereas higher systolic blood pressure rise per metabolic equivalent is related to attenuated vasodilation during exercise and reduced aerobic fitness.
Time to Exhaustion at Traditional Physiological Indicators in Runners: Between-Subject and Between-Day Variability.
Time to exhaustion tests at VO2max, respiratory compensation point, and maximal lactate steady state intensities showed high within-subject reliability but moderate between-subject variability, and were independent of other traditional physiological indicators of performance.
Cerebral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Dynamics in Endurance Athletes: Associations With Aortic Recoil and Heart Rate.
Enhanced aortic recoil in endurance athletes sustains diastolic cerebral arterial flow volume across a prolonged cardiac cycle, enabling more efficient brain perfusion with fewer cardiac cycles than sedentary controls.
A wireless sweat sensing with a pH-based correlation model for continuous glucose monitoring and diabetes management during exercise.
A flexible wireless sweat glucose and pH sensing platform integrated with a pH-based correlation model was developed to accurately predict continuous changes in blood glucose during exercise, validated in both healthy individuals and diabetic patients to facilitate diabetes management.
Light physical activity and sedentary time are associated with multiple comorbid conditions in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Higher time spent in sedentary behavior and lower time spent in light physical activity were associated with multiple comorbid conditions in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Mobility assistance preferences and device adoption among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan.
While attitudes shape preferences for walking devices, actual adoption of walking devices among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan is more closely tied to functional decline, with declining IADL scores and antihypertensive medication use linked to higher rates of device adoption.
Associations of built environmental characteristics and physical activity in neighbourhoods of Accra, Ghana.
The built environment of neighborhoods has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with the physical activity levels of residents of Accra, Ghana, with high residential density and high socioeconomic status neighborhoods showing the highest physical activity levels.
What is the connection between screen time and lifestyle factors important for bone health? Findings from the Hertfordshire Intergenerational Study.
More screen time was related to lower physical activity especially amongst males and those aged 21-52, higher BMI amongst those aged 60-69, and reduced odds of ever smoking amongst males, suggesting increased screen time is related to health behaviours which may increase the risk of poor bone health and obesity.
Effect of home-based walking exercise and education on early functional recovery after lung cancer surgery: protocol for the WalkLung multicentre randomised controlled trial.
The WalkLung trial is a multicentre randomised controlled trial protocol designed to evaluate the efficacy of a home-based walking exercise and education intervention in promoting early functional recovery after lung cancer surgery.
Fitbit as an activity monitor in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from a real-world cohort.
Fitbit PAM variables demonstrate favourable compliance and psychometric properties with strong test-retest reliability and validity in a large IIM cohort, and can complement current measurements to remotely track patient performance, quality of life, and disease activity.
Understanding the gut microbiome through a fitness intervention of aerobic and resistance training for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (GUTFIT: A Study Protocol).
The GUTFIT study protocol describes a parallel-group randomized trial to test whether vigorous-intensity combined aerobic and resistance training produces greater changes in glycemia and gut microbial diversity than moderate-intensity training in individuals living with T2DM over 16 weeks.
Simultaneous stabilizing feedback control of linear and angular momentum in human walking.
Linear and angular momentum are simultaneously controlled in human walking, and the experimentally observed correlations between center of pressure to center of mass distance and horizontal ground reaction forces arise from the mechanical need to control both linear and whole-body angular momentum.
[Knowledge of weight management among Chinese school-aged children in 2023 to 2024].
Chinese school-aged children demonstrated generally good knowledge of weight management, but boys, rural students, and those in central and western regions had relatively lower mastery, with knowledge related to healthy food choices remaining the weakest across all stages.
Acute cardiovascular exercise diminishes the consolidation of a complex whole-body task in young adults.
Post-encoding cardiovascular exercise attenuated early consolidation of a complex whole-body motor task compared to rest, with both high- and moderate-intensity groups showing reduced offline learning at 24 hours, challenging assumptions derived from fine-motor paradigms.
Reproducibility and associated regression dilution bias of accelerometer-derived physical activity and sleep in UK Biobank.
Accelerometer measurements are moderately reproducible and comparable to measures such as blood pressure, and correction for regression dilution bias is crucial to quantify associations of usual physical activity and sleep with disease risk.
Effects of global versus local trunk muscle strength training on muscle strength, proxies of power and rowing-specific performance in pubertal male rowers.
GST produced larger performance gains than LST, though these effects likely reflect the combined influence of exercise modality and higher external loading intensity rather than trunk muscle recruitment patterns alone.
Vertical ground reaction forces and loading rates during typical activities in children and adolescents: sex- and maturity-specific considerations for bone health.
Children and adolescents do not always experience the same osteogenic stimulus for a given activity, and consideration of sex- and maturity-specific loading profiles may be important for designing and interpreting bone-benefitting interventions across childhood and adolescence.
Effectiveness of elastic resistance training in frail older adults on muscle strength and functionality levels: A systematic review.
Elastic band training appears to be a safe, affordable, and feasible intervention to improve physical outcomes in frail older adults, with significant improvements in functionality, handgrip strength, and lower-limb strength, particularly in programs with progressive intensity and longer duration.
The bidirectional modulation of acute aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and brain electrical activity in adolescents with smartphone addiction: an experimental study using EEG power spectrum analysis.
Acute aerobic exercise significantly enhanced cognitive performance of adolescents with smartphone addiction, particularly in attention and working memory tasks, by optimizing the cognitive control network through enhancing α and β wave power and suppressing θ wave power.
Monitoring Resistance Training Intensity Using Load-Intercept from The Load-Velocity Relationship Variables: The Case of Deadlift.
The load-intercept (L0) from the load-velocity relationship demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity for monitoring deadlift resistance training intensity in the high-intensity range (above 80%1RM), offering a practical alternative to 1RM assessment.
Brief daily functional strength training to improve functional performance in older adults with mobility disability: A randomized trial.
The 12-week FAST-2 intervention, including only 60-seconds of lower extremity exercises in older individuals with pre-existing walking difficulty, yielded improvement in functional performance.
Behavior change intervention targeting physical activity and diet improves stress and sleep.
Diet and activity behavior change interventions produced significant collateral improvements in stress and sleep, with stress reductions statistically comparable to a direct stress/sleep intervention, though the stress/sleep intervention produced statistically larger improvements in sleep duration.
Wearing Lower-Body Compression Tights to Bed After Cycling Exercise Does Not Affect Subsequent Sleep in Healthy Male Adults.
Wearing lower-body compression tights to bed after moderate-intensity exercise does not improve the quantity or quality of sleep obtained, based on polysomnography and subjective measures.
Sleep, Physical Activity, and Mood Among People Seeking Mental Health Care.
This cohort study of people seeking mental health care found complex, bidirectional associations between sleep, physical activity, and mood with individual variation in optimal sleep duration for mood scores.
Acute Effects of Different Melatonin Doses on Performance and Psychophysiological Responses During Exhaustive Cycling Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Study.
Acute melatonin administration at doses ranging from 5 to 20 mg does not elicit ergogenic effects nor modulate physiological or psychophysiological responses during prolonged individualized cycling exercise in healthy individuals.
Remote Self-Report Assessment of Walking Impairment in Peripheral Artery Disease.
Simple self-report questions reflected walking ability of patients with peripheral artery disease and may be useful for remote assessment.
Spatiotemporal mapping of plantar shear forces during human walking using a flexible thin-film sensor.
A flexible thin-film sensor measuring normal and shear forces across 24×24 sensing points showed good agreement with force plate data and revealed dynamic spatiotemporal changes in plantar shear stress during walking, including posterior shear beneath the heel during early stance, medial rotation at mid-stance, and anterior propulsion beneath the forefoot during push-off.
Association Between Cognitive and Physical Activity Participation and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.
Among older adults with MCI, frequent and diverse engagement in cognitive and physical activities is associated with high life satisfaction, especially writing, participating in organized group discussions, playing tennis, participating in group exercise, climbing stairs, and babysitting.
Improvement of morphofunctional status of students by modern means of motor activity.
HIIT effectively improves students' morphofunctional status during their studies, with most morphological and functional indicators significantly better in the 3rd and 4th instructional years compared to general physical training, and comparable to those practicing various sports.
Development and validation of a health education module for parents of schoolchildren with overweight and obesity in the UAE.
A health education module consisting of 25 infographic messages for parents of schoolchildren with overweight and obesity in the UAE achieved excellent content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.97) and face validity (S-FVI/Ave = 0.99), making it suitable for use in research, school-based initiatives, and public-health programs.
Modulation of Corticomuscular Coupling With Split-Belt Locomotor Adaptation in Healthy Young Males.
Corticomuscular coupling was disrupted immediately following perturbation onset and removal during split-belt locomotor adaptation, but enhanced during the adaptation and de-adaptation processes, suggesting modulation of corticomuscular coupling is associated with adjustment of gait patterns to meet environmental demands.
Attitudes, Norms, and Control: What Is Shaping Fijian Children's Physical Activity and Screen Time Behaviours?
Fijian caregivers' and children's attitudes toward happiness and physical activity, caregiver screen time restrictions, easy access to screens, and the influence of religious leaders were all significantly associated with meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines.
Diabetic Retinopathy: Does 12 Weeks of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Cause Any Improvement?
12 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention showed mild improvement in diabetic retinopathy, with reduction in VEP latencies and mild changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, though no major changes in amplitudes or central macula thickness were observed.
Modified Extended Kalman Filter and Long Short-Term Memory-Based Framework for Reliable Stride-Length Estimation Using Inertial Sensors.
A modified Extended Kalman Filter combined with LSTM networks reduced stride-length estimation absolute mean error from 29.78% to 7.77%, demonstrating a robust, noise-resilient solution for wearable gait analysis.
Preliminary effects and feasibility of a school-based regular aerobic exercise intervention on PTSD-related symptoms among college students: a single-group pre-post study.
A 21-day school-based regular aerobic exercise intervention (30 min daily) appears feasible and is associated with improvements in PTSD-related symptoms, anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience among college students with elevated PTSD symptoms, though causal inferences cannot be made due to the lack of randomization and a control group.
Leveraging real-time personal monitoring of air pollution and physical activity levels, and location tracking for mobility- and inhaled dose-based assessments of exposure and health risk.
Combining real-time personal PM2.5 monitoring with individual mobility, physical activity intensity, and physiological characteristics to estimate average daily inhaled dose reveals significant gender and educational attainment differences in exposure and health risk that traditional residence- and concentration-based metrics fail to capture.
Mental health and sleep quality across different physical activity intensities: A cross-sectional epidemiological analysis.
Short durations of light and vigorous physical activity appear to affect the relationship between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety and depression, with individuals having sleep disturbance and lesser time in light and vigorous PA being approximately 6-7 times more likely to present anxiety symptoms and 4-5 times more likely to present depressive symptoms.
A systematic review of correlates of physical activity of LGBTQIA+ people.
This systematic review of 81 studies identified 63 correlates of physical activity among LGBTQIA+ adults, finding that self-perceived health was consistently positively associated with PA while being transgender was consistently negatively correlated with PA.
Variability of ventilation during exercise is greater in adolescents than in adults.
Adolescents showed greater ventilatory variability and randomness compared to adults during steady-state exercise, likely reflecting developmental plasticity and immature ventilatory control.